mitochondrial

Paternity testing

...s also have their own genetic material termed the mitochondrial genome . Mitochondrial DNA comes only from the mot...Proving a relationship based on comparison of the mitochondrial genome is much easier than that based on the nuclear genome. However, testing the mitochondrial gen...

Oxidative phosphorylation

... , and in eukaryotes it is the inner of the two mitochondrial membranes . NADH and FADH 2 , electron carr...inst the gradient, they now can flow back into the mitochondrial matrix via the ATP synthase, generating ATP in the process. The reaction is: ADP 3- + H + + P...

Mitochondrion

...ide") 1 Mitochondrion structure 1.1 The mitochondrial membranes 1.2 The mitochondrial matrix 2 Mitochondrial functions 2.1 Energy conversion 2.1.1 Pyruvate: the Krebs cycl...

Mitochondrion

...ide") 1 Mitochondrion structure 1.1 The mitochondrial membranes 1.2 The mitochondrial matrix 2 Mitochondrial functions 2.1 Energy conversion 2.1.1 Pyruvate: the Krebs cycl...

Intermembrane space

...of these organelles . Enzymes destined for the mitochondrial matrix or the stroma can bypass the intermembra... which results when protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space during electron transport . The structures responsible for thi...

Human

... debate. During the 1990s , variations in human mitochondrial DNA were recognized as a valuable source for reco... .) Since the human embryo normally takes its mitochondrial DNA from its mother's egg and not from the sperm , variations in human mitochondrial DNA provide...

Genomics

...ear genomes and that these genes generally encode mitochondrial and plastid proteins, giving support to the endosymbiotic theory of the origin of these organelles . Genetic similarity It is often stated that a particular organism shares X percent of its DNA with humans . This number indicates the...

Electron transfer chain

...luding humans, an ETC is found spanning the inner mitochondrial membrane and accepts electrons from electron ...cinate , shuttles these electrons from within the mitochondrial matrix across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the intermembrane space, where the ultimately r...

Diabetes mellitus

...eatosis (fatty liver), cystic fibrosis , several mitochondrial neuropathies and myopathies, myotonic dystrophy , Friedreich's ataxia , some of the inherited forms of neonatal hyperinsulinism and many others. Risk of diabetes is higher with chronic use of several medications, including high dose glucocorticoi...

Ion gradient

...ondria , were ATP synthase is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane (so that F 1 -part sticks into mitochondrial matrix, were ATP synthesis takes place). See also Transmembrane potential difference...

Chemiosmotic hypothesis

...FADH 2 to create a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane and that this energy was used by a reversible proton pump , the ATP synthase , to create ATP . This was a radical proposal at the time, and not well accepted. The prevailing view was that the energy of electron transfer was stored as a...

ATP synthase

...e particles of 9 nm diameter that pepper the inner mitochondrial membrane. They were originally called elementary p...ondria , were ATP synthase is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane (so that F 1 -part sticks into mitochondrial matrix, were ATP synthesis takes place). Pl...

Apoptosis

...Caspases, or its mouse homolog, called DIABLO), a mitochondrial protein, is released into the cytosol . SMAC bin...ompletely understood. But it has been found that a mitochondrial outer-membrane protein, VDAC2, interacts with BAK to keep this potentially lethal apoptotic effector...