minimal

Origin of life

...nes, attempting to discern at which point the most minimal requirements for life were reached. Origin of organic molecules: Miller and Wchtershuser's theories The " Miller experiments " (including the original Miller–Urey experiment of 1953, by Harold Urey and his graduate student Stanley Mill...

Nutrition

...The closer the food is to its native state -- with minimal heating, salting and processing -- the greater will be the benefit."(Cornell Chronicle 28/6/01) [2] Nutrition and longevity Lifespan is somehow related to the amount of food energy consumed: this was first systematically investigated in the...

Leaf

...rption of carbon dioxide. This separation must be minimal to afford capillary action for water distribution. In order to adapt to their different environment (such as sun or shade), plants had to adapt this structure to obtain optimal result. Sun leaves have a multi-layered palisade layer, while shade lea...

Human Genome Project

...ll 3 billion base pairs in the human genome with a minimal error rate, but also to identify all the genes in this vast amount of data. This part of the project is still ongoing although a preliminary count indicates about 25,000 genes in the human genome, which is far fewer than predicted by most scientists....

Biodiversity

...e preservation of large populations of plants with minimal genetic erosion. The threat to biological diversity was among the hot topics discussed at the UN World Summit for Sustainable Development, in hope of seeing the foundation of a Global Conservation Trust to help maintain plant collections. See also...

Artificial life

...ough an agent based model , which usually gives a minimal possible solution. That is: "we don't know what in nature generates this phenomenon, but it could be something as simple as..." The field is characterized by the extensive use of computer programs and computer simulations which include evoluti...

Antibiotic

..., we know now that viruses represent an incredibly minimal intracellular parasite, being stripped down to a few genes worth of DNA or RNA and the minimal molecular equipment needed to enter a cell and actually take over the machinery of the cell to produ...