mass

Wavelength

... the particle's momentum m is the particle's mass v is the particle's velocity The greater the energy, the larger the frequency and the shorter (smaller) the wavelength. Given the relationship between wavelength and frequency, it follows that short wavelengths are more energetic than long wa...

Stem cell

... cells are cultured cells obtained from the inner mass cells of a blastocyst . Embryonic stem cell resea...em cells Stem cells which derived from the inner mass cells of a blastocyst (an early embryo ) have pluripotent properties—they are able to grow...

Sociobiology

...ome types of sociobiological results could justify mass oppression of innocent human beings. Most people therefore find them very suspect. For example, Dr. Norman Hall wrote an article "Zoological Subspecies in Man" ( Mankind Quarterly , 1960 ) that argued that " racism " actually exists in most mamma...

Signal transduction

...f genes and a panoply of physiolgical events. Such mass activations are often referred to as " genetic programs ," one example being the sequence of events that take place when an egg is fertilized by a sperm . Types of signals Extracellular Signal transduction usually involves the binding of ...

Sequencing

...rotein sequencinginclude: Edman degradation mass spectrometry protease digests Though polysaccharides are also biopolymers, it is not so common to talk of'sequencing' a polysaccharide, because a symbolic linear depiction cannotcapture their tendency to branch and to bond to one anotherin d...

Pyrimidine

... Chemical formula C 4 H 4 N 2 Molecular mass 80.09 g/mol Density 1.016 g/ml Melting point 20 - 22 C Boiling point 123 - 124 C CAS number 289-95-2 SMILES C1=NC=NC=C1 Pyrimidine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound , which is similar to benze...

Purine

... Chemical formula C 5 H 4 N 4 Molecular mass 120.11 g/mol Melting point 214 C CAS number 120-73-0 SMILES C1(NC=N2)=C2C=NC=N1 Purine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound , consisting of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring. The general term ...

Proteomics

...gher-throughput proteomic techniques are based on mass spectrometry , commonly peptide mass fingerprinting on simpler instruments, or de novo sequencing on instruments capable of more than ...

Proteome

...ns that have migrated to specific locations. The mass spectrometer has augmented proteomics. Mass mapp...tide masses against a sequence database . Tandem mass spectrometry, on the other hand, can get sequence information from individual peptides by isolating ...

Protein

...should be black becomes reddish), loss of muscle mass (proteins repair muscle tissue), low body temperature, and hormonal irregularities. Severe protein deficiency is fatal. Excess protein can cause problems as well, such as causing the immune system to overreact, liver dysfunction from increased toxic...

Potential energy

...tate, releasing energy in some form. For example a mass released above the Earth has energy resulting fr... potential energy 1.3 Chemical energy 1.4 Rest mass energy 1.5 Electrical potential energy 2 Relation between potential energy and force 3 Gr...

Photosynthesis

... the mid-1600s when he, by carfully measuring the mass of the soil in the pot of a plant and the mass of the plant as it grew, discovered that, with the soil mass changed very little, the mass of the gr...

Photon

...romagnetic spectrum . Photons have zero invariant mass but a definite finite energy. Because they hav...tation to form a polariton, acquires an effective mass , which means that it cannot travel at c , the speed of light in a vacuum. See also Particl...

Nutrition

...rzyk PT, Ross R. Waist circumference and not body mass index explains obesity-related health risk. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Mar;79(3):379-84. J Mei, SSC Yeung et al "High dietary phytoestrogen intake and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women."Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2001, V...

Nucleon

.... The total number of nucleons in an atom is the mass number on the atom, as nucleons each have a mass very close to one amu . See also List of particles...

Microsatellite

...ellites for orbiting artificial satellites with a mass of less than 100Kg. A microsatellite is a short, noncoding DNA sequence (a Tandemly Repetitive DNA sequence) that is repeated many times within the genome of an organism.Many repeats tend to be concentrated at the same locus. In a microsa...

Life

...sm , consuming, transforming and storing energy / mass ; growing by absorbing and reorganizing mass; excreting waste Motion, either moving itself, or having internal motion Reproduction , the ability to create entities that are similar to itself Response to stimuli - the ability to measure properti...

Kinetic energy

...the translational kinetic energy of a body with mass m , whose centre of mass is moving in a straight line with linear velocity v , we can use the Newtonian approximation: ...

Insulin

...e endocrine part accounts for only 2% of the total mass of the pancreas. Within the islets of Langerhans, beta cells constitute 60–80% of all the cells. Insulin is built from 51 amino acids and is one of the smallest proteins known; shorter "proteins" are usually referred to as a polypeptide . Bee...

Human

...r authority can become pathological , leading to mass hysteria or fascism . (See also Milgram experiment , Stanford prison experiment .) Consciousness Main articles: Consciousness , Human self-reflection , Mind , Mind-body problem , Dualism , Artificial intelligence , Rationalism , Empi...

Homeostasis

...pothesis , James Lovelock stated that the entire mass of living matter on Earth (or any planet with life) functions as a vast organism that actively modifies its planet to produce the environment that suits its needs. In this view, the entire planet maintains homeostasis. Whether this sort of system is ...

Photosynthesis

... the mid-1600s when he, by carfully measuring the mass of the soil in the pot of a plant and the mass of the plant as it grew, discovered that, with the soil mass changed very little, the mass of the gr...

HeLa

...minant cells. It has been estimated that the total mass of HeLa cells far exceeds that of the rest of Henrietta Lacks' body. Some researchers have argued that these cells are a separate species , because they reproduce and spread on their own; in 1991 it was named and described as Helacyton gartleri . ...

Gel electrophoresis

...lly purify molecules to use other methods such as mass spectrometry , PCR , cloning , DNA sequencing ,...rge, and all the proteins have a similar charge to mass ratio. Since denatured proteins act like they were long rods instead of having a complex tertiary s...

Extinction

...Mass extinction There have been at least five mass extinctions in the history of life, in which many...re currently in the early stages of a human-caused mass extinction, known as the Holocene extinction event . In that survey, the same proportion of respond...

Eugenics

...ote eugenics. In years to come the ERO collected a mass of family pedigrees, which concluded that those that were unfit were from economically and socially poor backgrounds. Eugenicists such as Davenport, the psychologist Henry H. Goddard , and the conservationist Madison Grant (all well respected in...

Gel electrophoresis

...lly purify molecules to use other methods such as mass spectrometry , PCR , cloning , DNA sequencing ,...rge, and all the proteins have a similar charge to mass ratio. Since denatured proteins act like they were long rods instead of having a complex tertiary s...

Down syndrome

... been medically approved for use in the UK for the mass treatment of people with Down syndrome and none appear to lead to any proven lasting benefits, and all remain highly controversial. Down syndrome's sociology Advocates for people with Down Syndrome stress that they have the same human rights ...

Diffusion

...a liquid medium. Since the energy is thermal, the mass of the particles must be very small in order that the motion be observable (). The direction of the motion is random and thus constantly changing. In principle, Brownian motion also occurs in gases, but usually the motion of particulates in gases, e....

Culture

...orists have actually tried to eliminate popular or mass culture from the definition of culture. Theorists like Matthew Arnold (1822-1888) or the Leavis's believe that culture is simply that which is created by "the best that has been thought and said in the world (Arnold, 1960: 6). Thus labeling anythin...

Bioinformatics

...egulation with data from mRNA microarrays or mass spectrometry . Making sense of the hug...uring protein concentrations with high-throughput mass spectroscopy . All of these techniques are extremely noise-prone and/or subject to bias in the biolo...

Charles Darwin

...the scientific lite of clerical naturalists with a mass of work in hand, writing up his findings and theories (see Published Works below) and superintending the multi-volume "Zoology" describing his collections. He was convinced by his theory of evolution , but vividly aware that transmutation was asso...

Cartilage

...stitial growth results in an increase of cartilage mass and occurs from within. Chondrocytes undergo mitosis within their lacuna but remain imprisoned in the matrix, which results in clusters of cells called isogenous groups . Cartilage in fetal development In the fetus, at an early period, the gr...

Brain

...lography (EEG) measures brainwaves, which are the mass changes in electrical current from the cerebral co...n is divided into two regions: the supraesophageal mass and the subesophageal mass. These parts are divided by the animal's esophagus . The super- and sub...

Blood

...man body, accounting for approximately 8% of body mass . Adult humans have about 60 milliliters of blood per kilogram of body weight. Human blood is red , ranging from bright red when oxygenated to dark red when not. It owes its colour to hemoglobin , a metalloprotein compound containing iron...

Bioinformatics

...egulation with data from mRNA microarrays or mass spectrometry . Making sense of the hug...uring protein concentrations with high-throughput mass spectroscopy . All of these techniques are extremely noise-prone and/or subject to bias in the biolo...

Biodiversity

...erved. The majority of biologists believe that a mass extinction is under way. While estimates over ex...t there are not enough data to support the view of mass extinction, and say abusive extrapolations are being made on the global destruction of rainforests...

Autotroph

...ition) is an organism that produces its own cell mass and organic compounds from carbon dioxide as sole carbon source, using either light or chemical compounds as a source of energy . Plants and other organisms using photosynthesis are photolithoautotrophs ; bacteria that utilize the oxidati...

Apoptosis

... the proliferation and subsequent destruction of a mass of cells equal to an individual's body weight. Homeostasis is achieved when the rate of mitosis (cell proliferation) in the tissue is balanced by cell death. If this equilibrium is disturbed, either of two things happen: The cells are dividing ...

Antibody

...om j oin), which is a polypeptide of molecular mass 1,5 kD, rich with cysteine and structurally comp...tions has also a polypeptide of the same molecular mass (1,5 kD) that is called the secretory chain and is produced by the epithelial cells . It is also po...

Alexander Fleming

...thin the community, the drug was not developed for mass distribution until World War II when Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain developed a method of purifying penicillin to a form that was useful for medical treatment of infection. For his achievements, Fleming was knighted in 1944 and shared t...

Adenosine triphosphate

...N 4 O 2 NH 2 (OH) 2 (PO 3 H) 3 H, with a molecular mass of 507.184 u . The phosphoryl groups starting with that on AMP are referred to as the alpha, beta, and gamma phosphates. The biochemical name for ATP is 9--D-ribofuranosyladenine-5'-triphosphate. Synthesis ATP can be produced by various ...