Diabetes mellitus
... of diabetes are due to decreased production of
insulin (diabetes mellitus type 1, the first recognized ... or decreased sensitivity of body tissues to
insulin (diabetes mellitus type 2, the more common form). The former requires
insulin injections, while the latter is generally managed ...
Hormone
... as proteins. Examples of protein hormones include
insulin and growth hormone.
Steroid hormones are ... diseases and several respiratory disorders ).
insulin is used by many diabetics . Local preparations ... (hCG)
growth hormone (GH or hGH)
insulin
insulin-like growth factor (IGF, also ...
Insulin
...
insulin ( Latin insula , "island", as it is produced ... properties. It also affects other tissues.
insulin is used medically in some forms of diabetes ... Type 1 diabetes mellitus depend on exogenous
insulin (injected subcutaneously) for their survival ...
Nutrition
... especially sugars, can lead to imbalances in
insulin production. This in turn can lead to fatigue, ... for increased human longevity) through the use of
insulin uptake retardation. This was done through ... Kahn CR, Extended longevity in mice lacking the
insulin receptor in adipose tissue. Science 299 ...
Biotechnology
... such as E. coli or yeast for the production of substances like
insulin or antibiotics . It can also refer to transgenic animals or ... DNA technology . The prokaryote model, E. coli , is used to produce
insulin and other medicine, in human form. (About 5% of diabetics are allergic to ...
Homeostasis
... of blood glucose level. This is mainly done by the liver and the
insulin secreted by the pancreas.
Mechanisms of homeostasis: feedback
... use of evaporation .
Chemical regulation
The pancreas produces
insulin and glucagon to control blood-sugar concentration.
The lungs take ...
Protein
... tertiary structure and may be more likely to act as a hormone (like
insulin ) rather than as an enzyme or structural element.
Proteins are generally ... that it needs.
Protein deficiency can lead to symptoms such as fatigue,
insulin resistance, hair loss, loss of hair pigment (hair that should be black ...
Anabolism
... the hormones as anabolic or catabolic.
Classic anabolic hormones include
Growth hormone
IGF1 and other insulin-like growth factors
insulin
Testosterone
Estrogen
Classic catabolic hormones include
Cortisol
Glucagon
Adrenalin and other catecholamines
...
Amino acid
... oxidizing conditions, two cysteines can join together by a disulfide bond to form the amino acid cystine . When cysteines are part of a protein,
insulin for example, this enforces tertiary structure.
D
Asp Aspartic acid
acidic
133.10
2.85
1.99
9.90
3.90
E
...
Bacterium
... vinegar , wine , and yoghurt . Using biotechnology techniques, bacteria can be bioengineered for the production of therapeutic drugs, such as
insulin , or for the bioremediation of toxic wastes .
Miscellaneous
In terms of evolution, bacteria are thought to be very old organisms, ...
Anabolism
... the hormones as anabolic or catabolic.
Classic anabolic hormones include
Growth hormone
IGF1 and other insulin-like growth factors
insulin
Testosterone
Estrogen
Classic catabolic hormones include
Cortisol
Glucagon
Adrenalin and other catecholamines
...
Digestion
... stomach, food is passed to the small intestine where it is further mixed with secretions such as bile , which helps aid in fat digestion, and
insulin , to process sugars . Most nutrient absorption takes place in the small intestine, after which food is passed to the large intestine . Blood which ...
Bacterium
... vinegar , wine , and yoghurt . Using biotechnology techniques, bacteria can be bioengineered for the production of therapeutic drugs, such as
insulin , or for the bioremediation of toxic wastes .
Miscellaneous
In terms of evolution, bacteria are thought to be very old organisms, ...
Glycolysis
... connected to aerobic metabolism occur). Glucose gets into the cell through facilitated diffusion . In some tissues, skeletal muscle for instance,
insulin stimulates this process.
Follow up
The ultimate fate of the pyruvate and NADH produced in glycolysis depends upon the organism and the ...
Ion channel
... into the cell in an inwardly rectifying manner. They are involved in important physiological processes such as the pacemaker activity in the heart,
insulin release, and potassium uptake in glial cells.
Certain channels respond to multiple influences. For instance, the NMDA receptor is partially ...
Isozyme
... lower affinity for glucose (compared to other hexokinases), allows it to serve different functions in cells of specific organs, such as control of
insulin release by the beta cells of the pancreas , or initiation of glycogen synthesis by liver cells. Both of these processes must only occur when ...
Liver
...
Glycogenolysis (the formation of glucose from glycogen )
Glycogenesis (the formation of glycogen from glucose)
The breakdown of
insulin and other hormones
The liver also performs several roles in lipid metabolism:
Cholesterol synthesis
The production of ...
Neurotransmitter
... also generally admitted as neurotransmitters in autonomic neurons. Over 50 neuroactive peptides have been found, among them hormones such as LH or
insulin that have specific local actions in addition to their long-range signalling properties.
It is important to appreciate that it is the receptor that ...
Plasmid
... amounts of proteins from the inserted gene.
This is a cheap and easy way of mass-producing a gene or the protein it then codes for--for example,
insulin or even antibiotics.
See also
Bacterial artificial chromosome
...
Signal transduction
... means of membrane transport . The sending cell is typically of a specialized type. Its recipents may be of one type or several, as in the case of
insulin , which triggers diverse and systemic effects.
Hormones signalling is elaborate and hard to dissect. A cell can have several different receptors ...
Transmembrane protein
... proteins have multiple topogenic sequences .
Examples
Some cell adhesion proteins
Some receptor proteins
Glycophorin
insulin receptor
GLUTI
Integrin
Cadherin
See also : membrane topology , transmembrane helix , membrane protein
...