Coenzyme A
... . A molecule of coenzyme A carrying an acetyl
group is also referred to as acetyl-CoA .
Acetyl-CoA ... Furthermore, it contributes the acetyl
group to acetylcholine ; the addition of the acetyl
group to choline a reaction that is catalysed by ...
Alcohol
... to any organic compound in which a hydroxyl
group ( - O H ) is bound to a carbon atom, which ...
Structure
The functional
group of an alcohol is a hydroxyl
group bonded to an sp 3 hybridized carbon. It can ...
Amine
... the nitrogen is bonded to a carbon atom in the
group (groups symbolized by R below). However, if ... above reactions can also be some other leaving
group forming a corresponding acid or anion.
... possible, the nitrogen in the amine functional
group will usually not be a chiral center.
The ...
Artificial life
... and exploit other planets and moons, and a NASA
group called the Self-Replicating Systems Concept Team ... after his death), headed the Logic of Computers
group at the University of Michigan . He brought the ... workings were based on logic. The Michigan
group was one of the few groups still interested in ...
Biology
... parent and offspring. Ethology considers
group behavior of more than one individual. Population ... of life
Main article: Common descent
A
group of organisms is said to have common descent if ... four broad groupings here. The first broad
group consists of disciplines that study the basic ...
Bacterium
...
Bacteria (singular, bacterium ) are a major
group of living organisms . They are microscopic and ... applied to all prokaryotes or to a major
group of them, depending on ideas about their ... cyanobacteria , which were considered a
group of algae (called Cyanophyta or blue-green ...
Carbohydrate
... divided into aldoses , which have an aldehyde
group on the first carbon atom, and ketoses , which typically have a ketone
group on the second. They may also be divided into ... each carbon atom that supports a hydroxyl
group (except for the first and last) is optically ...
Cladistics
... modern systems of classification, which seek to
group organisms by evolutionary relationships. In ... off toward the bottom, or below the other
group in question. Conversely, one clade or species ... seems to be posessed by the common ancestor of a
group is described as ancestral , and one that evolved ...
Culture
... and emotional features of society or a social
group and that it encompasses, in addition to art and ... of culture as "worldview." That is, each ethnic
group is characterized by a distinct and ... of different cultures can easily spread from one
group of people to another. Culture is dynamic and can ...
Disulfide bond
... particular side chain involved is the sulfhydryl
group (- S H ). Oxidation of the thiol
group yields a disulfide (S-S) bond. The presence of ... formation of a disulfide bond. The R on each side
group represents the remainder of the amino acid.
...
Morphogenesis
... axis of the developing embryo. The Antennapedia
group of homeotic selector genes includes labial , ... the properties of thoracic segments. The bithorax
group of homeotic selector genes control the ... of a body structure within a taxonomic
group . Morphogenetic responses may be induced in ...
Enzyme
... EC 2 Transferases : transfer a functional
group (e.g., a methyl or phosphate group)
EC 3 ... Lyases : all those enzymes that can eliminate a
group from a molecule to form a double bond and vice ... production of polyamines
Peroxidase : the
group of enzymes that can convert hydrogen peroxide ...
Bacterium
...
Bacteria (singular, bacterium ) are a major
group of living organisms . They are microscopic and ... applied to all prokaryotes or to a major
group of them, depending on ideas about their ... cyanobacteria , which were considered a
group of algae (called Cyanophyta or blue-green ...
Fungus
...
Fungi (singular: fungus ) are a major
group of living things, originally considered plants ... which are generally considered the most primitive
group of fungi, do not form hyphae and instead grow ... among the ascomycetes, and the Microsporidia , a
group of reduced parasites whose relationships to the ...
Glucose
... they differ in the orientation of the hydroxyl
group linked to the first carbon in the ring. The α form has the hydroxyl
group "below" the hydrogen (as the molecule is ... above), while the β form has the hydroxyl
group "above" the hydrogen.
These two forms ...
Human
... souls are exclusively human, or that there are
group souls held by the community of animals. Others ... that they form, both for individual and
group survival and for the preservation and development of technology and knowledge .
group identity and acceptance can exert a powerful ...
Hydrolysis
... product contains a hydroxyl functional
group , while the other contains a carboxylic acid ... The fragment that was originally an alkyl
group collects the remaining hydroxyl
group from the water molecule.
Thus the ester is ...
Immune system
... spleen and submucosal lymphoid nodules) and the
group motile cells that are involved in the body's ... that are unique to every individual. T cells, a
group that encompasses cytotoxic T lymphocytes ( CTLs ...
The complement system is a very complex
group of serum proteins which is activated in a ...
Lipid
... of a Lipid. Many lipids consists of a polar head
group ( P ) and a nonpolar tail ( U for unpolar). The ... In the case of cholesterol , the polar
group is a mere -OH ( hydroxyl or alcohol). In the ... "tails" by ester linkages and one "head"
group by a phosphate ester linkage. Fatty acids are ...
Monophyletic
... In phylogenetics , a
group is monophyletic ( Greek : of one stem ) if all organisms in that
group are known to have developed from a common ... that form are included in the group. A taxonomic
group that contain organisms but not their common ...
Morphogenesis
... axis of the developing embryo. The Antennapedia
group of homeotic selector genes includes labial , ... the properties of thoracic segments. The bithorax
group of homeotic selector genes control the ... of a body structure within a taxonomic
group . Morphogenetic responses may be induced in ...
Paraphyletic
... and phyle = race) if all the members of the
group have a common ancestor , but the
group does not include all the descendants of the most recent common ancestor of all
group members.
Groups which include all the ...
Phospholipid
...
In phosphoglycerides, the carboxyl
group of each fatty acid is esterified to the hydroxyl groups on carbon-1 and carbon-2. The phosphate
group is attached to carbon-3 by an ester link. This ... Subsequent substitution of the terminal hydroxyl
group by phosphatidyl choline forms sphingomyelin.
...
Phosphorylation
... is the addition of a phosphate (PO 4 )
group to a protein or a small molecule. Its prominent ... mitochondrion by addition of a third phosphate
group to ADP in a process referred to as oxidative ... cells to accumulate sugars because the phosphate
group prevents the molecules from diffusing back across ...
Plant
... - flowering plants
Plants are a major
group of living things (about 300,000 species), ... the flowering plants , were the last major
group of plants to appear, emerging from within the ... protective seed coat; they are the predominant
group of flora in most biomes today.
Algae and ...
Plant
... - flowering plants
Plants are a major
group of living things (about 300,000 species), ... the flowering plants , were the last major
group of plants to appear, emerging from within the ... protective seed coat; they are the predominant
group of flora in most biomes today.
Algae and ...
Blood type
... although in some areas, such as Norway , the A
group dominates. The A antigen is overall more common ... recessive alleles of the H gene, (their blood
group is O h and their genotype is "hh"), and so do ... group, not even O -ve or O +ve. When this Blood
group was first encountered, it was found not to be of ...
Species
... biology , a species is, loosely speaking, a
group of related organisms that share a more or less ... exist:
A morphological species is a
group of organisms that have a distinctive form: for ...
A mate-recognition species is defined as a
group of organisms that are known to recognise one ...
Stem cell
... cell research came in November 1998 when a
group led by James Thomson at the University of ... involves combining adult stem cells with another
group of cells called stromal cells and then adding a ... appointed the Council on Bioethics , an advisory
group composed of 18 doctors, legal and ethical ...
Virus classification
... genome type
2.1 DNA viruses
2.1.1
group I - dsDNA viruses (double stranded DNA)
2.1.2
group II - ssDNA viruses (single stranded DNA)
2.2 RNA viruses
2.2.1
group III - dsRNA viruses (double stranded RNA)
...
Alpha helix
... amino acid side-chains are arranged at the outside of the helix. The N-H
group of amino acid (n) can establish a hydrogen bond with the C=O
group of amino acid (n+4).
Short polypeptides usually are not able to adopt ...
Animal
... (mollusks)
Annelida (segmented worms)
Animals are a major
group of organisms , classified as the kingdom Animalia or Metazoa. In ... a permanent digestive chamber.
The remaining animals form a monophyletic
group called the Bilateria . For the most part, they are bilaterally ...
Archaea
...
Phylum Korarchaeota
Phylum Nanoarchaeota
The Archaea are a major
group of prokaryotes . Their classification among living things is difficult ... problem. Aside from the similarities noted above, many genetic trees
group the two together. Some place eukaryotes closer to Eurarchaeota than ...
BLAST
... against the protein database is then run using this profile, and a larger
group of proteins found. This larger
group is used to construct another profile, and the process is repeated. By ...
Blood
... which can be crippling.
Leukaemia (more often called leukemia) is a
group of cancers of the blood-forming tissues.
Major blood loss, whether ... to cheat death by drinking the blood of the living. Porphyrias , a
group of inherited or acquired disorders , may have been the source of ...
Cancer
...
Cancer is a
group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division and the ability ... alternative medicine
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is a
group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that ...
Extinction
... and ecology , extinction is the ceasing of existence of a species or
group of species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the ... can contribute directly or indirectly to the extinction of a species or
group of species. Most simply, any species that is unable to survive or ...
Flavin
... (or FMN ), a phosphorylated form of riboflavin . The flavin
group is capable of undergoing oxidation-reduction reactions, and can accept ... 1.5 ATP
FMN
Flavin mononucleotide is a prosthetic
group found in NADH dehydrogenase .
...
Flavin
... (or FMN ), a phosphorylated form of riboflavin . The flavin
group is capable of undergoing oxidation-reduction reactions, and can accept ... 1.5 ATP
FMN
Flavin mononucleotide is a prosthetic
group found in NADH dehydrogenase .
...
Hormone
... - "to set in motion") is a chemical messenger from one cell (or
group of cells) to another. All multicellular organisms (including plants ) ...
leukotrienes
prostacyclin
thromboxane
One special
group of hormones are trophic hormones that act as stimulants of hormone ...