Cell metabolism
...
2.1 Carbohydrate catabolism
2.2
fat catabolism
2.3 Protein catabolism
3 ... and how its energy is secured in ATP .
fat catabolism
Main article:
fat catabolism
...
Diabetes mellitus
... of glucose into cells (primarily muscle and
fat cells) from the blood, deficiency of insulin or ... cell growth, cellular protein synthesis, and
fat storage. Insulin is the principal signal in ... by way of gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis .
fat in adipose tissue is reduced to triglycerides ...
Glucose
... stored as glycogen ("animal starch"), and to
fat cells , where it is stored as
fat . Glycogen is the body's auxiliary energy source, ... when it needs more energy. Although stored
fat can also serve as a backup source of energy, it ...
Insulin
... it also takes part in the metabolism of
fat ( triglycerides ) and proteins – it has ... fatty acid synthesis – insulin forces
fat cells to take in glucose which is converted to ... – forces reduction in conversion of
fat cell lipid stores into blood fatty acids; lack of ...
Nutrition
... fewer vegetables and fruit and the wrong types of
fat in our diet. Others feel that governments and the ... Instead, longevity may depend on an efficient
fat processing metabolism, and the consequent long ... working hard in a cold environment may need high
fat levels in their diets, to help maintain normal ...
Thermoregulation
... and often has a continuous layer of insulating
fat beneath the dermis - in marine mammals like ... climates.
be capable of storing energy as
fat for metabolism
have reduced extremities
... cooling by perspiration and panting
storing
fat reserves in one place (e.g. camel's hump) to ...
Citric acid cycle
... associated with the citric acid cycle. (1) Protein catabolism, (2)
fat catabolism, (3) Carbohydrates, (4) Amino Acids, (5) Acetyl-CoA, (6) ... be a source of energy by being funnelled into the citric acid cycle.
In
fat catabolism , triglycerides are hydrolyzed to break them into fatty ...
Digestion
... it is further mixed with secretions such as bile , which helps aid in
fat digestion, and insulin , to process sugars . Most nutrient absorption ... of bile in the gall bladder . This hormone is secreted in resonse to
fat in chyme.
Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) - is in the duodenum and ...
Kidney
... and twelfth ribs , and each whole kidney is surrounded by two layers of
fat (the perirenal
fat and the pararenal fat) which help to cushion it.
Section of a ...
Citric acid cycle
... associated with the citric acid cycle. (1) Protein catabolism, (2)
fat catabolism, (3) Carbohydrates, (4) Amino Acids, (5) Acetyl-CoA, (6) ... be a source of energy by being funnelled into the citric acid cycle.
In
fat catabolism , triglycerides are hydrolyzed to break them into fatty ...
Albumin
... distribution.
Functions of albumin:
Maintains oncotic pressure
Transports thyroid hormones
Transports other hormones, particularly
fat soluble ones
Transports fatty acids ("free" fatty acids)
Transports unconjugated bilirubin
Transports many drugs
Competitively binds ...
Anabolism
... acids as substrates for gluconeogenesis (much like burning furniture in your house as fuel because you are out of firewood), and breakdown of
fat in adipose to fatty acids for fuel.
Because it is counterproductive to have anabolic and catabolic processes occurring in cells ...
Carbohydrate
... hydrates of carbon ) are chemical compounds that act as the primary biological means of storing or consuming energy , other forms being
fat and protein . Relatively complex carbohydrates are known as polysaccharides . Carbohydrates are naturally produced by plants . A more precise ...
Anabolism
... acids as substrates for gluconeogenesis (much like burning furniture in your house as fuel because you are out of firewood), and breakdown of
fat in adipose to fatty acids for fuel.
Because it is counterproductive to have anabolic and catabolic processes occurring in cells ...
Homeostasis
... skeletal muscles can shiver to produce heat if the body temperature is too low.
Non-shivering thermogenesis involves the decomposition of
fat to produce heat.
Sweating cools the body with the use of evaporation .
Chemical regulation
The pancreas produces insulin and ...
Hydrolytic enzyme
... Hydrolytic enzymes break down protein, carbohydrate, and
fat molecules into their simplest units. The hydrolysis of polymers by hydrolytic enzymes results in free monomers .
During hydrolysis ( ...
Liver
...
Arthropods have a digestive gland that functions like a combination of the liver and the pancreas . In insects this organ is known as the
fat body .
References
The following are standard medical textbooks.
Eugene R. Schiff, Michael F. Sorrell, Willis C. Maddrey, eds. Schiff's ...
Lipid
... ratio of the head area and the tail length.
Lipid bilayers form the foundation of all biological membranes .
See also
Biochemistry
fat
External links
Lipids, Membranes and Vesicle Trafficking - The Virtual Library of Biochemistry and Cell Biology
IUPAC glossary entry ...
Magnetic resonance imaging
... On a T2 weighted scan, water and fluid-containing tissues are bright (most modern T2 sequences are actually fast T2 sequences, in which case
fat is also bright). Damaged tissue tends to develop edema, which makes a T2 weighted sequence sensitive for pathology, and generally able to ...
Skin
... up of loose connective tissue and elastin. The main cell types are fibroblasts, macrophages and adipocytes (the hypodermis contains 50% of body fat).
fat serves as padding and insulation for the body.
Types
Skin can be dividided into thick and thin types. Thick skin is present on the soles ...