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Y chromosome

...exist. This assumption was shown to be in serious error in 2003. All other chromosomes occur in pairs. They preserve genetic integrity by exchanging information with matching genes on the homologous chromosome, a process called "crossing over." But the Y chromosome lacks that option, being the only chrom...

Database error

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Database error

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Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

...pplements sold over-the-counter. As the production error responsible for the contamination would have been easily correctable, some critics have suggested that this appears to have been done to make money for the manufacturers of SSRIs.Pharmaceutical grade L-tryptophan is currently available over the count...

Proprioception

...ed. People with normal proprioception may make an error of no more than 2 cm. People with severely impaired proprioception may have no clue as to where their hands (or noses) are without looking. Proprioception is what allows someone to learn to walk in complete darkness without bumping into the furnitu...

Patau syndrome

...rmation of reproductive cells (eggs and sperm). An error in cell division called nondisjunction can result ...drome is also not inherited. It occurs as a random error during cell division early in fetal development. As a result, some of the body's cells have the us...

Database error

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Neutral theory of molecular evolution

... rate, it has been argued, is predictable from the error rate of the enzymes that carry out DNA replication --enzymes that have been well studied and are highly conserved across all species. Thus, the neutral theory is the foundation of the molecular clock technique, which evolutionary molecular biol...

Molecular evolution

...nspired by the once common assumption that the DNA error rate is constant--not just over time, but across all species and every part of a genome that you might want to compare. Because the enzymes that replicate DNA differ only very slightly between species, the assumption seemed reasonable a priori ....

Human Genome Project

...ll have been checked eight to nine times giving an error rate of just 1 in 10,000 bases. The human genome ...lion base pairs in the human genome with a minimal error rate, but also to identify all the genes in this vast amount of data. This part of the project is st...

Database error

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Genetic fingerprinting

...(100,000,000,000). However, the rate of laboratory error may be much higher than this, and often actual lab... match. Recent studies have quoted relatively high error rates which may be cause for concern [1] . The cautious juror should not convict on genetic finger...

Genetic code

...ic code either only causes a silent mutation or an error that would not affect the amino acid's hydrophilic / hydrophobic property, eg. a codon of XUX (where X = any nucleotide) tends to code for hydrophobic amino acids. However, the genetic code is not perfect as minor changes such as the single-base su...

Gene duplication

Gene duplication occurs when an error in DNA replication leads to the duplication of a region of DNA containing a (generally functional) gene . The significance of this process for evolutionary biology is that if a gene is under natural selection , most mutations will lead to th...

Genetic drift

...ect to the same statistical fluctuations (sampling error ). When the alleles of a gene do not differ with regard to fitness, on average the number of carriers in one generation is proportional to the number of carriers in the last. But the average is never tallied, because each generation parents the nex...

Francis Galton

...n machine as a tool for demonstrating the law of error and the normal distribution . He also invented the questionnaire , regression analysis , composite photography (layering images upon one another to create what he considered a 'mean' image), the correlation , and twin studies. His statistica...

Database error

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Database error

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Genetic code

...ic code either only causes a silent mutation or an error that would not affect the amino acid's hydrophilic / hydrophobic property, eg. a codon of XUX (where X = any nucleotide) tends to code for hydrophobic amino acids. However, the genetic code is not perfect as minor changes such as the single-base su...

Cladistics

...o "advanced" grades, which can in turn lead to the error of teleology . Going further, some cladists argue that ranks for groups above species are too subjective to present any meaningful information, and so argue that they should be abandoned. Thus they have moved away from Linnaean taxonomy towards a ...

Database error

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Database error

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Full blood count

...utomated counter. It is, however, subject to human error , and has a much smaller sample size. Additional factors, such as the quality of the blood film, also play a greater part. Results from a blood count A complete blood count will normally include: Red cells Total red blood cells - The numbe...