Adaptive radiation
... example of general adaptation is bird flight.
environmental change. A species that can, in contrast to the ... cover the new ecological niches created by the
environmental change. An example of adaptive radiation as the result of an
environmental change is the rapid spread and development of ...
Biodiversity
... climate , decrease of flooding, drought and other
environmental disasters.
These functions are important for ... diverse an ecosystem is better able withstand
environmental stress and consequently is more productive. The ... may have a greater chance of adapting to
environmental change . In other words, the more species ...
Botany
... Utilise medicine and materials
1.4 Understand
environmental changes
2 History
2.1 Modern ... Utilise medicine and materials
Understand
environmental changes
Feed the world
Virtually all of ... important medicine and materials.
Understand
environmental changes
Plants can also help us understand ...
Cancer
... DNA (genetic material) through genetic and
environmental factors , leading to aberrant growth regulation ... cases can be attributed to smoking, diet, and
environmental pollution.
Prevention
Prevention is ... between modifiable life style factors or
environmental exposures and specific cancers. Evidence is now ...
Diabetes mellitus
... world varies substantially, almost certainly for
environmental and lifestyle reasons. There is also a strong ... appears to be triggered by infection, stress, or
environmental factors (e.g. exposure to a causative agent). ... type 1 diabetes mellitus seems to require an
environmental trigger. A small proportion of type 1 diabetics ...
Extinction
... said to be pseudoextinct.
Currently, many
environmental groups and governments are concerned with the ... on extinction
6.1 Scientists
6.2
environmental movement
6.3 Commercial and industrial ... Human attitudes on extinction
Scientists
environmental movement
Commercial and industrial interests ...
Natural selection
... natural selection is the result of genetic and
environmental forces acting upon an organism.
Contents ... reproducing, or be less prolific. As long as
environmental conditions remain the same, or similar enough ... more likely to succeed is highly dependent on
environmental factors, including the species' predators, food ...
Morphogenesis
... and organs is controlled by the genetic "program" and can be modified by
environmental factors.
Several types of molecules are particularly important during ... . Morphogenetic responses may be induced in organisms by hormones , or by
environmental chemicals ranging from substances produced by other organisms to toxic ...
Evolution
... the production of specific beneficial heritable variation in response to
environmental signals. If this is shown to be the case, then some instances of evolution ... of the typically Darwinian framework, which avoided any connection between
environmental signals and the production of heritable variation.
Mutation
...
Morphogenesis
... and organs is controlled by the genetic "program" and can be modified by
environmental factors.
Several types of molecules are particularly important during ... . Morphogenetic responses may be induced in organisms by hormones , or by
environmental chemicals ranging from substances produced by other organisms to toxic ...
Trait
... showTocToggle("show","hide")
1 Definition of a trait
2
environmental origin of traits
3 Genetic origin of traits in diploid organisms
... , to finally affect the physiology in a way that produces a trait.
environmental origin of traits
The environment plays a large role in the determination ...
Antibiotic resistance
...
5 External links
Causes
Antibiotic resistance is a consequence of evolution via natural selection . The antibiotic action is an
environmental pressure; those bacteria which have a mutation allowing them to survive will live on to reproduce. They will then pass this trait to their ...
Archaea
... into two main groups based on rRNA trees, the Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota . Two other groups have been tentatively created for certain
environmental samples and the peculiar species Nanoarchaeum equitans , discovered in 2002 by Karl Stetter , but their affinities are uncertain.
Woese argued ...
Biotechnology
... Green biotechnology is biotechnology applied to agricultural processes. An example would include an organism designed to grow under specific
environmental conditions or in the presence (or absence) of certain agricultural chemicals. Green biotechnology tends to produce more environmentally friendly ...
Cladistics
... to overwhelm any unintended symplesiomorphies ( homeoplasies ), caused by convergent evolution (i.e. characters that resemble each other because of
environmental conditions or function, and not because of common ancestry. A well-known example of convergent evolution is wings. Though the wings of birds and ...
Cold-blooded
... animals are often referred to as ectotherms .
Ectotherms depend largely on external sources of heat, such as solar radiation . As the
environmental temperature increases, the animal's metabolic rate will increase. Lizards, fish, and amphibians are examples of ectotherms.
Whereas an endotherm, ...
Epigenetics
... The study of heritable changes in gene function that occur without a change in the sequence of nuclear DNA . This includes the study of how
environmental factors affecting a parent can result in changes in the way genes are expressed in the offspring (see Waterland citation).
In both cases, the ...
Experimental evolution
... concerned with testing the theory of evolution in controlled experiments . Evolution can be observed in the laboratory as organisms adapt to new
environmental conditions. With modern microbiological tools, it is possible to pinpoint the mutations that selection acts upon and what brought about the ...
Hormone
... ( stimulating or releasing -hormones)
Plasma concentrations of ions or nutrients, as well as binding globulins
Neurons and mental activity
environmental changes, e.g. of light or temperature
Pharmacology
A large number of hormones is used as medication . The most commonly prescribed hormones ...
Insulin
... in absolute insulin deficiency
type 2 – multifactoral syndrome with combined influence of genetic susceptibility and influence of
environmental factors, the best known being obesity , age, and physical inactivity, resulting in insulin resistance in cells requiring insulin for glucose ...
James D. Watson
... of controversial views.
He is for instance a strong proponent of genetically modified crops , holding that the benefits far outweigh any plausible
environmental dangers, and that many of the arguments against GM crops are unscientific or irrational. A discussion of his views on these matters are covered in ...
Malaria
... was initially used with great effect to combat mosquitoes spreading malaria. It was banned for use in many countries in the 1970s due to its negative
environmental impact. There is great controversy regarding this impact and the use of DDT to fight human diseases. Some claim that the ban is responsible for ...
Marine biology
... to this salty environment.
In addition, a subfield of marine biology studies the relationships between oceans and ocean life, and global weather and
environmental issues (such as carbon dioxide displacement).
Recent marine biotechnology has focused largely on marine biomolecules , especially proteins , ...
Metapopulation
...
See also
Landscape ecology
Conservation biology
References
Levins, R. (1969) "Some demographic and genetic consequences of
environmental heterogeneity for biological control." Bulletin of the Entomology Society of America , 71 , 237-240
Hanski, I. Metapopulation Ecology ...
Antibiotic resistance
...
5 External links
Causes
Antibiotic resistance is a consequence of evolution via natural selection . The antibiotic action is an
environmental pressure; those bacteria which have a mutation allowing them to survive will live on to reproduce. They will then pass this trait to their ...
Parallel evolution
... evolution homoplasy is the contemporaneous evolution of the extinct browsing-horses and extinct paleotheres both of which shared the same
environmental space.
Parallel evolution is a different phenomenon than convergent evolution and evolutionary relay . In convergent evolution , independent ...
Phenotype
... that an individual carries at one or more positions on the chromosomes . Many phenotypes are determined by multiple genes and influenced by
environmental factors. Thus, the identity of one or a few known alleles does not always enable prediction of the phenotype.
Nevertheless, because phenotypes ...
Physiology
... the ecology of a given animal or plant and vice-versa. Genetics is not the only factor that affects the physiology of animals and plants.
environmental strains wreak havoc on eukaryotic organisms as well. For organisms that do not dwell in aquatic habitats , water must be stored within their ...
Population dynamics
... and long-term changes in the numbers, individual weights and age composition of individuals in one or several populations , and biological and
environmental processes influencing those changes.
Population dynamics is the dominant branch of mathematical biology , which has a history of more than 200 ...
Primary nutritional groups
... of carbon is carbon dioxide(CO 2 ).
Reducing equivalent source refers to the necessity of deriving reducing equivalents (electrons) from
environmental sources to be used in biosynthetic pathways (e. g. in the form of NADH or NADPH). An organism is defined as organotrophic when it uses organic ...
Proteome
... types of biological systems. A cellular proteome is the collection of proteins found in a particular cell type under a particular set of
environmental conditions such as exposure to hormone stimulation . It can also be useful to consider an organism's complete proteome . The complete proteome for ...
Proteomics
... organism will have radically different protein expression in different parts of its body, in different stages of its life cycle and in different
environmental conditions.
The entirety of proteins in existence in an organism throughout its life cycle, or on a smaller scale the entirety of proteins found in ...
Receptor
... Receptor may refer to:
In telecommunication , a receiver .
In physiology , a sensory receptor is any structure which, on receiving
environmental stimuli, produces an informative nerve impulse .
In biochemistry , a receptor is a protein molecule that receives and responds to a specific ...
Red Queen
... References
Origin
Accordingly, the metaphor Red Queen represents the situation in nature where creatures must adapt quickly to changing
environmental threats just to survive from generation to generation. In Lewis Carroll 's Through the Looking Glass , from which the metaphor is originally ...
Sociobiology
...
Sociobiological theory
Sociobiologists believe that animal or human behaviour cannot be satifactorily explained entirely by " cultural " or "
environmental " factors alone. They contend that in order to fully understand behaviour, it must be analyzed with some focus on its evolutionary origins. If ...