diseases

X chromosome

...nges in the chromosomes. Other conditions Many diseases are due to mutations on the X chromosome. These are characteristic as they occur much more often in men than in women. Moreover, they inherit in a characteristic manner: fathers do not transmit them to their sons, but their daughters are carriers a...

Virus evolution

...an important aspect of the epidemiology of viral diseases such as influenza , HIV , hepatitis , and many others. It also causes problems in the development of successful antiviral drugs , as resistant mutations often appear within weeks to months after the beginning of the treatment. RNA viruses are...

Virus

...iral reproduction 6 Origins 7 Human viral diseases 7.1 Laboratory diagnosis of pathogenic viruses 7.2 Prevention and treatment of viral diseases 8 See also 9 References 9.1 Numbered references Etymology The original wor...

Yellow fever

...sity Press. Downs, Wilbur H., et al. 1965. Virus diseases in the West Indies . Special edition of the Caribbean Medical Journal , Vol. XXVI, Nos. 1-4, 1965 Other meanings Yellow fever is sometimes used (generally disparagingly) to refer to men having a sexual fetish for Asian women. See also: La...

Vaccine

... DNA of the other, immunity can be created against diseases that have complex infection processes In recent ... Smallpox , one of the most contagious and deadly diseases known to man. Other diseases such as rubella, polio, measles, mumps, chickenpox, and typhoid are no...

Systems biology

... . Theproperties of these cells can determine the diseases to which a person issusceptible. Therefore, a giv... identify strategies for predicting and preventing diseases such as cancer, diabetes and AIDS. See also artificial life Biomedical cybernetics compu...

Stem cell

...eady being used in treatments for over one hundred diseases and conditions. They are more accurately called ... This could lead to new treatments and cures for diseases like Lou Gehrig's disease , muscular dystrophy , and spinal cord injuries. Researchers at th...

Skin

...ns. calcinosis cutis ulcer list of skin diseases See also Birthmark Vernix caseosa Hidradenitis suppurativa Foreskin restoration Skin graft Moisturizer External links Page about depiction of skin in the movie world...

Semen

... can be the vehicle for many sexually transmitted diseases , including HIV , the virus that causes AIDS . It is also hypothesized that components of semen, such as the spermatozoa as well as the seminal plasma, can cause immunosuppression in the body when introduced to the bloodstream or lymph . Evide...

Robert Koch

.... He started traveling around the world, studying diseases in South Africa , India , and Java . Probably as important as his work on tuberculosis, for which he was awarded a Nobel Prize, are Koch's postulates , which say that to establish that an organism is the cause of a disease , it must be : ...

Promoter

...n gene sequence and susceptibility to hundreds of diseases , it requires a sophisticated search strategy to extract those diseases that are associated with defects in transcriptional control where the promoter is believed to have d...

Prion

...a number of previously known but little-understood diseases generally classified under transmissible spongiform encephalopathy diseases (TSEs) , including scrapie (a disease of sheep ), kuru (found in members of the cannibalistic ...

Polymerase chain reaction

...ety of tasks, such as the detection of hereditary diseases , the identification of genetic fingerprints , the diagnosis of infectious diseases , the cloning of genes , and paternity testing . Contents showTocToggle("show","hide") ...

Nutrition

...the epidemic is still with us, and obesity-related diseases are prevalent in the developed world. Many nutritionists ascribe this to excess of refined carbohydrates, decreasing levels of exercise, fewer vegetables and fruit and the wrong types of fat in our diet. Others feel that governments and the food in...

Neuroscience

...with medical research, is interested in curing any diseases associated with the nervous system. Other related and overlapping fields include: Aphasiology Brain imaging Computational neuroscience Neuroanatomy Neurochemistry Neuroeconomics Neuroesthetics Neuroethology Ne...

Mycology

...and socially important as they are responsible for diseases of animals as well as plants like Potato blight (actually, an oomycete ). Field expeditions to find interesting types of fungi (often edible mushrooms) are known as mushroom forays , and are typically led by an expert mycologist. See also ...

Muscle

...ng electrical activity in muscles). Neuromuscular diseases are those that affect the muscles and/or their ne...scle tone, respectively. The myopathies are all diseases affecting the muscle itself, rather than its nervous control. Muscular dystrophy is a large group...

Mitochondrion

...unctions can result in a variety of mitochondrial diseases . Energy conversion As stated above, the primary function of the mitochondria is the production of ATP . This is done by metabolizing the major products of glycolysis , pyruvate and NADH (glycolysis is performed outside the mitochondria, in...

Mitochondrion

...unctions can result in a variety of mitochondrial diseases . Energy conversion As stated above, the primary function of the mitochondria is the production of ATP . This is done by metabolizing the major products of glycolysis , pyruvate and NADH (glycolysis is performed outside the mitochondria, in...

Louis Pasteur

... air or oxygen . Immunology His later work on diseases included work on chicken cholera . During this wo...ases, and Pasteur gave these artificially weakened diseases the generic name of vaccines , to honour Jenner's discovery. Pasteur produced the first vaccine f...

Liver

...foreseeable future. Diseases of the liver Many diseases of the liver are accompanied by jaundice caused ...ilure. Most transplants are done for chronic liver diseases leading to cirrhosis , such as chronic hepatitis C, alcoholism, autoimmune hepatitis, and many othe...

Lipase

...nt phospholipases. At least three human genetic diseases are caused by mutations in lipase genes. Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency is caused by mutations in the gene encoding lipoprotein lipase [2] . Cholesteryl Ester Storage Disease (CESD) and Wolman Disease are both caused by mutations in the gene ...

Kidney

...e . The medical field that studies the kidneys and diseases affecting the kidney is called nephrology . C...s 3 Diseases and disorders 3.1 Congenital diseases of the kidneys 3.2 Acquired diseases of the kidneys 4 Dialysis and kidney transplants 4....

Immunology

...une system in immunological disorders ( autoimmune diseases , hypersensitivities , immune deficiency , allo...l immunology Clinical immunology is the study of diseases caused by the immune system and diseases of the immune system from a medical perspective. Many di...

Human Genome Project

...cer , blood clotting , cystic fibrosis , liver diseases and many others. There are also many tangible ben...nes, body tissues in which this gene is activated, diseases associated with this gene... the list of datatypes is long, one reason why bioinformatics is so ch...

Hormone

... hypothyroidism ) and steroids (for autoimmune diseases and several respiratory disorders ). Insulin is used by many diabetics . Local preparations for use in otolaryngology often contain pharmacologic equivalents of adrenalin , while steroid and vitamin D creams are used extensively in derma...

Guthrie test

...performed on newborns to detect several metabolic diseases . It is named after the U.S. bacteriologist Robert Guthrie , who first described it in 1963. The test is performed on blood samples taken from the heel of the baby, at or before 4 days of age. The test typically screens for the following dis...

Genetics

...ill remain a useful tool for the study of genetic diseases . Molecular genetics Main article: Molecular genetics Molecular genetics builds upon the foundation of classical genetics but focuses on the structure and function of genes at a molecular level. Molecular genetics employs the methods of...

Gene therapy

...d tissues to treat a disease , and hereditary diseases in particular.Gene therapy typically aims to supp...oduce genes straight into human cells, focusing on diseases caused by single-gene defects, such as cystic fibrosis , hemophilia , muscular dystrophy and si...

Fungus

...h . Other parasitic fungi infect plants , causing diseases such as butt rot and making trees more vulnerabl...en species names. Pathogenic species Fungal diseases include: brown rot chestnut blight ergot fusarium powdery mildew Texas root...

Eugenics

...uded mandatory pre-marital screenings for "genetic diseases of a serious nature" and "relevant mental disease." Those who are diagnosed with such diseases are required either to not marry or to agree to "long term contraceptive measures" or to submit to s...

Down syndrome

...ss and disabilities, such as recurring infectious diseases , heart problems, poor eyesight, and hearing problems. Other physical characteristics associated with the disorder include presence of a simian crease . Early educational intervention, screening for common problems such as thyroid functioning, medi...

Diabetes mellitus

...10, and perhaps the top 5, of the most significant diseases in the developed world, and is gaining in signific...iabetes" (NIDDM). It may be caused by a number of diseases , such as hemochromatosis and polycystic ovary syndrome , and can also be caused by certain types...

Chromosome

...graphical display of all human chromosomes and the diseases annotated at the correct spot at [2] . See also XY sex-determination system Genetic deletion External links What Can Our Chromosomes Tell Us? ,an accessible and comprehensive look at chromosomes, from the University of Utah's Geneti...

Cartilage

...esearch. Diseases / Medicine There are several diseases which can affect the cartilage. Chondrodystrophies are a group of diseases characterized by disturbance of growth and subsequent ossification of cartilage. Some common disea...

Cancer

Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division and ...sis that is substantially better than nonmalignant diseases such as heart failure and stroke . Nonetheless, in the late 1990's cancer overtook heart disease...

Brain

... in the brain can be more accurately classified as diseases than injuries. Neurodegenerative diseases , such as Alzheimer's disease , Parkinson's disease , and Huntington's disease , are caused by th...

Botany

...th , reproduction , metabolism , development , diseases , and evolution of plants . Nearly a...st one example. There may be many novel cures for diseases provided by plants, waiting to be discovered. Popular stimulants like coffee , chocolate , tob...

Blood

... phlegm , yellow bile and black bile ). As many diseases were thought to be due to an excess of blood, blo... concern the blood. Pathology See also blood diseases Problems with blood circulation and composition play a role in many diseases. Wounds can cau...

Biotechnology

...e an antibiotic , or engineering genetic cures to diseases through genomic manipulation . White biotechnology , also known as grey biotechnology , is biotechnology applied to industrial processes. An example would include an organism designed to produce a useful chemical. White biotechnology tends t...

Biology

...th , reproduction , metabolism , development , diseases , and evolution of plant life .Zoology is the discipline which involves the study of animals , which includes the physiology of animals is studied under various fields including anatomy and embryology . The common genetic and developmental...

Apoptosis

...fundamental factor in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases including cancer, neuro-degenerative and ischemic diseases, AIDS and autoimmunity. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) the antigen responsible for most anti-DNA antibodies, exclusively generated in this disease, are derived from nucleosomes. As nuc...

Antibody

...e reason for the chronic nature of many minor skin diseases (such as cold sores ); any given outbreak is quic... therapy is already being employed in a number of diseases (including rheumatoid arthritis ) and in some forms of cancer . Presently , many antibody-related...

Antibiotic

...similarly "magic" chemotherapeutic cures for other diseases eventually led to successes in the field of cancer chemotherapy. The discovery of antibiotics, along with anesthesia and the adoption of hygienic practices by physicians (for example, washing hands and using sterilized instruments) revolutioniz...