diploid

Zygote

... ovum from a female —merge into a single diploid cell called the zygote . Animal zygotes undergo mitotic cell divisions to become an embryo . Other organisms may undergo meiotic cell division at this time (for more information refer to biological life cycles ). Twins and multiple ...

Trait

...origin of traits 3 Genetic origin of traits in diploid organisms 4 Mendelian expression of genes in diploid organisms 5 Biochemistry of dominance and extensions to expression of traits Definition...

Plant

... haploid stage, called the gametophyte , and a diploid stage, called the sporophyte . The sporophyte is short-lived and remains dependent on its parent. Vascular plants first appeared during the Silurian period, and by the Devonian had diversified and spread into many different land environments. ...

Plant

... haploid stage, called the gametophyte , and a diploid stage, called the sporophyte . The sporophyte is short-lived and remains dependent on its parent. Vascular plants first appeared during the Silurian period, and by the Devonian had diversified and spread into many different land environments. ...

Meiosis

...y . It is a form of nuclear division by which a diploid parent produces four haploid daughter cells. Th...cur, fusion of the gametes would not result in a diploid condition (2n) but 4n. Meiosis also provides opportunities for new combination (through crossing ov...

Homozygote

Homozygote cells are diploid or polyploid and have the same alleles at a locus (position) on homologous chromosomes .When an organism is referred to as being homozygous for a specific gene, it means that it carries two identical copies of that gene on the two corresp...

Heterozygote

Heterozygote cells are diploid or polyploid and have different alleles at a locus (position) on homologous chromosomes . When an organism is referred to as a heterozygote, or being heterozygous for a specific gene , it means that the organism carries two different ver...

Hardy-Weinberg principle

...t ) sexually reproducing randomly mating diploid and experience: no selection no mutatio...chromosome. Consider again only two alleles. The diploid case is the binomial expansion of: ( p + q ) 2 and therefore the polyploid case is the bi...

Ploidy

...ary within an organism. In humans, most cells are diploid (containing one set of chromosomes from each paren...ts and other algae switch between a haploid and a diploid or polyploid state, with one of the stages emphasized over the other. This is called alternation ...

Gene

...heir somatic cells . These organisms are called diploid if they have two copies, or polyploid if they have more than two copies. In such organisms, the copies are practically never identical. With respect to each gene, the copies that an individual possesses are liable to be distinct alleles, which ma...

Fungus

...his is called plasmogamy . Actual fusion to form diploid nuclei is called karyogamy , and may not occur until sporangia are formed. In the Zygomycota , the heterokaryon produces multiple fruiting bodies, in the form of minuscule stalks with sporangia at the end. Most ascomycetes produce fruiting bo...

Gamete

...g two complete sets of chromosomes and therefore diploid . The zygote cell receives one set of chromosome...pable of producing gametes. Gametes from a mature diploid individual will be produced in the gonadal tissue through meiosis —a process of cellular di...

Eukaryote

... only one copy of each chromosome is present, and diploid generations, where two are present, occurring through nuclear fusion (syngamy) and meiosis . There is considerable variation in this pattern, however. Origin and evolution The origin of the eukaryotic cell was a milestone in the evolution of ...

Ploidy

...ary within an organism. In humans, most cells are diploid (containing one set of chromosomes from each paren...ts and other algae switch between a haploid and a diploid or polyploid state, with one of the stages emphasized over the other. This is called alternation ...

Chromosome

...cies have somatic cells (body cells), which are diploid [2n] (they have two sets of chromosomes, one from...romosomes). Gametes are produced by meiosis of a diploid germ line cell. During meiosis, the matching chromosomes of father and mother can exchange small p...

Cell growth

...s used for a special cell reproduction process of diploid organisms. It produces four special daughter cell... DNA, often symbolized as N . Meiosis is used by diploid organisms to produce haploid gametes. In a diploid organism such as the human organism, most cells ...

Cell division

...by division of the cell, called cytokinesis . A diploid cell may also undergo meiosis to produce haploi...es in multicellular organisms, fusing to form new diploid cells. Multicellular organisms replace worn-out cells through cell division. However, in some anim...

Allele frequency

...ir somatic cells (e.g. two loci in the cells of diploid species, which contain two sets of chromosomes) a...of which there may be one or many. Note that for diploid genes, however, the proportion of individuals that carry this allele may be up to two in five. I...

Allele

...might result in white petals. Some organisms are diploid - that is, they have paired homologous chromosomes in their somatic cells , and thus contain two copies of each gene. An organism in which both copies of the gene are identical - that is, have the same allele - is said to be homozygous for that...