diffraction in Biological Definition

X-ray crystallography

... in which the pattern produced by the diffraction of x-rays through the closely spaced lattice ... Inorganic Structures X-ray diffraction finds frequent use in materials science because ... which are not yield some useful information in diffraction experiments. The pattern ...

DNA

... London , Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin were examining X-ray diffraction patterns of DNA fibers. Discovery that DNA is helical A key ... had deduced this structure from X-ray patterns. Even in the initial crude diffraction data from DNA, it was evident that the structure involved helices. But ...

Biochemistry

... then, biochemistry has advanced, especially since the mid- 20th century , with the development of new techniques such as chromatography , X-ray diffraction , NMR , radioisotopic labelling , electron microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. These techniques allowed for the discovery and ...

Insulin

... in 1958. In 1967, after decades of work, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin determined the spatial conformation of the molecule, by means of X-ray diffraction studies. She also was awarded a Nobel Prize. 1. Preproinsulin ( L eader, B chain, C chain, A chain); proinsulin consists of BCA, ...

James D. Watson

... to Copenhagen for postdoctoral work. In 1952 , he started at Cavendish Laboratory , where he met Francis Crick . Building on the X-ray diffraction research of Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins , they together deduced the double helix structure of DNA, which they published in the journal ...

Microscope

... lens magnifies by bending light (see refraction ). Optical microscopes are restricted in their ability to resolve features by a phenomenon called diffraction which, based on the numerical aperture (NA or A N ) of the optical system and the wavelengths of light used ( λ ), sets a ...

Photon

... relation with respect to momentum.) This is the formal reason why light is slower in media (such as glass) than in vacuum. (The reason for diffraction can be deduced from this by Huygens' principle .) Another way of phrasing it is to say that the photon, by being blended with the matter excitation ...

Optical spectrum

... , where spectroscopy is essential for analysing the properties of distant objects. Typically, astronomical spectroscopy utilises high-dispersion diffraction gratings to observe spectra at very high spectral resolutions. The first exoplanets to be discovered were found by analysing the doppler shift ...