dependent

Y chromosome

... the chromosome. The primary repair mechanism is dependent upon the fact that all people receive two sets of each chromosome, one from their mother and one from their father. Over time damage occurs, yet at the same time, chromosome pairs swap damaged genes out and replace them with a copy of undamaged genes...

Virus

... can often be crystallized . Because viruses are dependent on host cells for their replication they are generally not classified as "living". Whether or not they are "alive", they are obligate parasites, and have no form which can reproduce independently of their host. Like most parasites, they have a speci...

Thermoregulation

...imals there is much variation of body temperature, dependent entirely on their surroundings. There are, however... in infancy. A diurnal variation has been observed dependent on the periods of rest and activity, the maximum ranging from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m., the minimum from 11...

Speciation

...d. This might occur if, say, subpopulations become dependent on different plants in the same area; and if variations in mating lead one subpopulation to become reproductively isolated from the other. Many examples of this kind of speciation are found in the invertebrates , especially the insects . Polyp...

Sociobiology

...y also encourage the expansion of individuals with dependent traits. Controversy The application of sociobiology to humans was immediately controversial. Many people, such as Stephen Jay Gould , and Richard Lewontin feared that sociobiology was biologicially determinist . They feared that it would be u...

Blood plasma

...y used, as the anticoagulant effects of citrate is dependent upon concentration and can be reversed for testing. Serum is preferred for many tests as the anticoagulants in plasma can sometimes interfere with the results. Different anticoagulants interfere with different tests; using serum means the same sampl...

Redox

...rate and acetoacetate ) whose interconversion is dependent on these ratios. An abnormal redox state can develop in a variety of deleterious situations, such as hypoxia , shock , and sepsis . See also Bioremediation Calvin cycle Citric acid cycle Electrochemistry Galvanic cell ...

Plant

...ophyte . The sporophyte is short-lived and remains dependent on its parent. Vascular plants first appeared during the Silurian period, and by the Devonian had diversified and spread into many different land environments. They have a number of adaptations that allowed them to overcome the limitations of th...

Plant

...ophyte . The sporophyte is short-lived and remains dependent on its parent. Vascular plants first appeared during the Silurian period, and by the Devonian had diversified and spread into many different land environments. They have a number of adaptations that allowed them to overcome the limitations of th...

Passive transport

...t involve chemical energy .Passive transport is dependent on the permeability of the cell membrane, which, in turn, is dependent on the organization and characteristics of the membrane lipids and proteins. The four main kind of p...

Redox

...rate and acetoacetate ) whose interconversion is dependent on these ratios. An abnormal redox state can develop in a variety of deleterious situations, such as hypoxia , shock , and sepsis . See also Bioremediation Calvin cycle Citric acid cycle Electrochemistry Galvanic cell ...

Natural selection

...t makes one trait more likely to succeed is highly dependent on environmental factors, including the species' p...nstructed forms, so different from each other, and dependent on each other in so complex a manner" have evolved out of the simplest forms of life and according t...

Nephron

... But in reality, the amount of water reabsorbed is dependent on the permeability of the walls of the duct, regulated by ADH secreted by the posterior part of the pituitary gland . The more ADH, the more permeable the ducts, the more water reabsorbed; the less ADH, the less permeable the ducts, the less wat...

Microorganism

...the world' Citat: "... The Earth's climate may be dependent upon microbes that eat rock beneath the sea floor, according to new research....The number of the worm-like tracks in the rocks diminishes with depth; at 300 metres (985 feet) below the sea floor, they become much rarer..." BBC News, 10 July, 2000,...

Memory

...and permanent changes in neural structure that are dependent on protein synthesis. Some psychologists, however, argue that the distinction between long- and short-term memories is arbitrary, and is merely a reflection of differing levels of activation within a single store. If we are given a random seven-digi...

Major histocompatibility complex

... single allele is absolutely most fit. Frequency dependent selection and heterozygote advantage are two types of balancing selection that have been suggested to explain MHC allelic diversity. See also Disassortative sexual selection Transplant rejection...

Insulin

...hile (most prominently fatty acids), neurons are dependent on glucose as a source of energy in the non-starving human. They do not require insulin to absorb glucose, unlike muscle and adipose tissue and they have very small internal stores of glycogen. Thus, a sufficiently low glucose level first and most dr...

Human

...facturing goods. Permanent human settlements are dependent on proximity to water and, depending on the lifestyle, other natural resources such as fertile land for growing crops and grazing livestock , or seasonally by populations of prey . With the advent of large-scale trade and transport infrastructu...

Glucose

...ous system does not metabolise lipids, it is more dependent on glucose than other tissues. Glucose is absorbed into the bloodstream through the intestinal wall . Some of this glucose goes directly to fuel brain cells , while the rest makes its way to the liver and muscles , where it is stored as glyc...

Endosymbiont

...f their host. These marine worms are nutritionally dependent on their symbiotic chemoautotrophic bacteria lacking any digestive or excretory system (no gut, mouth or nephridia). Bacterial endosymbionts in other marine invertebrates Extracellular endosymbionts are also represented in all 5 extant classes ...

Endosymbiont

...f their host. These marine worms are nutritionally dependent on their symbiotic chemoautotrophic bacteria lacking any digestive or excretory system (no gut, mouth or nephridia). Bacterial endosymbionts in other marine invertebrates Extracellular endosymbionts are also represented in all 5 extant classes ...

Diffusion

...ic field). The generic diffusion equation is time dependent (i.e. also applies to non-steady-state situations). In each case, there is only a noticeable diffusion if there is a gradient : for example in thermal diffusion, if the temperature is constant, heat will move as quickly in one direction as in the...

Diabetes mellitus

...charge between two contacts. This charge will vary dependent on the glucose levels within the blood and its effect on the chemicals contained within the strip. In older glucose meters, the drop of blood is placed on top of a strip. A chemical reaction occurs and the strip changes color. The meter then measu...

Colchicine

...Apart from inhibiting mitosis , a process heavily dependent on cytoskeletal changes, it also inhibits neutrophil motility and activity, leading to a net anti-inflammatory effect. Colchicine as medicine Colchicine is FDA -approved for the treatment of gout and also for familial Mediterranean fever ...

Botany

...ng habitat destruction and species extinction is dependent on an accurate and complete catalogue of plants provided systematics and taxonomy . Plant responses to ultraviolet radiation can help us monitor problems like the holes in the ozone layer . Analysing pollen deposited by plants thousands o...

Anaphase

...yclin required for the function of M-phase cyclin dependent kinases (M-Cdks). It also cleaves securin , a protein that had been inhibiting separase . Separase then cleaves cohesin , the protein responsible for holding sister chromatids together. They immediately separate, marking the cytological onset of ...