Apoptosis
...
1 Functions of apoptosis
1.1 Cell
damage or infection
1.2 Response to stress or DNA
damage
1.3 Homeostasis
1.4 Development
1.5 ...
Functions of apoptosis
Cell
damage or infection
Apoptosis can occur, for ...
Diabetes mellitus
... (it is the main cause for dialysis ), retinal
damage with eventual blindness , nerve
damage and eventual gangrene with risk of amputation ... poor glycemic control. Many of these arise from
damage to the blood vessels. These illnesses can be ...
Insulin
... cases prompt medical assistance is essential, as
damage (to brain and other tissues) and even death will ... retinopathy ), toehr vascular damage, nerve
damage from diabetic neuropathy , or kidney failure ... or prolonged hypoglycemia can result in brain
damage or death.
On July 23 , 2004 , news reports ...
Brain
... to the skull, is a leading cause of death. Often in these cases, more
damage is caused by swelling, or edema , than by the impact itself. Stroke , ... for Neuroanatomy
Related topics
Avian pallium
Brain
damage
Coma
Human brain
Regions in the human brain
The ...
Cancer
... the cells are not normally located ( metastasis ). Cancer is caused by
damage to DNA (genetic material) through genetic and environmental factors ... of radiation and function properly. The goal of radiation therapy is to
damage as many cancer cells as possible, while limiting harm to nearby healthy ...
Stem cell
... 3.2.2.2 Stem cell injection restores ability to walk
3.2.3 Muscle
damage
3.2.4 Human hearts repaired using patient's own stem cells
3.2.5 ... former pretty well thanks to its immaturity," Han said. [8]
Muscle
damage
Adult stem cells are also apparently able to repair muscle damaged ...
Y chromosome
... chromosome, one from their mother and one from their father. Over time
damage occurs, yet at the same time, chromosome pairs swap damaged genes out and ... many of its original chromosomes, and has become much smaller.
If this
damage and loss were to continue unabated, this would lead to the disappearance ...
Antibiotic
... the human digestive system. Other side effects can result from interaction between the antibiotic and other drugs, such as elevated risk of tendon
damage from administration of a quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid .
Antibiotic misuse
Common forms of antibiotic misuse ...
Biodiversity
... consequently is more productive. The loss of a species is thus likely to decreases the ability of the system to maintain itself or to recover from
damage or disturbance. Just like a species with high genetic diversity , an ecosystem with high biodiversity may have a greater chance of adapting to ...
Blood
... thrombocytes cause the blood to coagulate, blocking relatively minor wounds, but larger ones must be repaired at speed to prevent exsanguination .
damage to the internal organs can cause severe internal bleeding, or hemorrhage .
Circulation blockage can also create many medical conditions from ...
Charles Darwin
... that the sympathetic instincts of humans, which would allow them to aid the helpless, had developed due to natural selection, and to deny them would
damage the "noblest part of our nature" for only a potential future benefit. "Hence we must bear without complaining the undoubtedly bad effects of the weak ...
Colchicine
... include gastro-intestinal upset and neutropenia . Starting the drug early during an attack of gout can exacerbate the symptoms. High doses can also
damage bone marrow and lead to anemia . It's not used in the treatment of cancer , as the dose required would lead to intolerable side-effects.
...
Disulfide bond
... turns a protein on or off when bacterial cells are exposed to oxidation reactions. Hydrogen peroxide ( H 2 O 2 ) in particular can severely
damage DNA and kill the bacterium at low concentrations if it weren't for the protective action of the SS-bond.
In rubber
Disulfide bonds also ...
Down syndrome
... believe that the treatment of Down syndrome neurons with free radical scavengers can substantially prevent neuronal degeneration . Oxidative
damage to neurons results in rapid brain aging similar to that of Alzheimer's disease .
Another chromosome 21 gene that might predispose Down syndrome ...
Ebola
... in the joints), abdominal pains and headache . These symptoms progress to vomiting , diarrhea , oropharyngeal lesions , conjunctivitis , organ
damage (notably the kidney and liver ) by co-localized necrosis , proteinuria (the presence of proteins in urine), and bleeding both internal and ...
Gene therapy
... cells that divide will pass the genes to their progeny . Scientists have removed certain crucial genes from the viral genome , so that they cannot
damage the host. RPR Gencell (a French pharmaceutical company) conducted experiments injecting retroviruses into lung cancer patients. After the ...
Lambda phage
... that look out for signs of stress in the host cell. Stress can be a result of starvation, poisons (like antibiotics), and other factors that can
damage or destroy the host. At that point, the prophage becomes active again, excises itself from the DNA of the host cell and enters its lytic cycle . The ...
Liver
... or other toxins, or hepatitis
Hemochromatosis , a hereditary disease causing the accumulation of iron in the body, eventually leading to liver
damage
Cancer of the liver (primary hepatocellular carcinoma or cholangiocarcinoma and metastatic cancers, usually from other parts of the ...
Lytic cycle
... typically thought of as the main method of viral replication, since it results in the destruction of the infected cell , which is how viruses cause
damage to their hosts .
Contents showTocToggle("show","hide")
1 Description
1.1 Infection
1.2 Growth
1.3 Replication and lysis ...
Memory
... of memory. For example, the hippocampus is believed to be involved in spatial learning and declarative learning. It has been demonstrated that
damage to these structures can result in impaired performance on certain memory tasks. However, it is not sufficient to describe memory, and its ...
Nutrition
... life so considerably as to negate any possible advantages of lengthening their lives.
Underlying this research was the hypothesis that oxidative
damage was the agent which accelerated aging, and that aging was retarded when the amount of carbohydrates was reduced through dietary restriction.
...
Signal transduction
... modifications are reversible and work through a redox mechanism. In high concentrations, NO is toxic, and is thought to be responsible for some
damage after a stroke . NO serves three main functions:
Relaxation of blood vessels .
Regulation of exocytosis of neurotransmitters .
...
Tumor
... lead to tumors. Cells have mechanisms that repair DNA and other mechanisms that cause the cell to destroy itself by committing apoptosis if DNA
damage gets too severe. Mutations that repress the genes for these mechanisms can also eventually lead to cancer. A mutation in one oncogen or one tumor ...
Vesicle
... vesicles
These vesicles move from later to earlier cisterna .
Vesicles can be used as reaction chambers for chemical reactions that could
damage the cell if they would occur in the cytosol. For example, peroxisomes are detoxifiers of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), a toxic byproduct of cell ...
Virus
... It is unclear how many Native Americans were killed by smallpox after the arrival of Columbus in the Americas, but it may have been very large. The
damage done by this disease may have significantly aided European attempts to displace or conquer the native population. Jared Diamond argued in his book ...
X-ray crystallography
... such as protein and DNA complexes. The crystals are harvested and often frozen with liquid nitrogen . Freezing crystals both reduces radiation
damage incurred during data collection and decreases thermal motion within the crystal. Crystals are placed on a diffractometer , a machine that emits a ...