carbohydrate

Starch

Starch is a complex carbohydrate which is insoluble in water. Starch (in particular cornstarch ) is used in cooking for thickening sauces . In industry, it is used in the manufacture of adhesives , paper , and textiles . Contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Bioc...

Endoplasmic reticulum

... hormones ), and also plays an important role in carbohydrate metabolism , detoxification of the cell (enzymes in the smooth ER detoxify chemicals), and calcium storage. It also is a large transporter of nutrient found in each cell. Functions The endoplasmic reticulum serves many general functions, includ...

Endoplasmic reticulum

... hormones ), and also plays an important role in carbohydrate metabolism , detoxification of the cell (enzymes in the smooth ER detoxify chemicals), and calcium storage. It also is a large transporter of nutrient found in each cell. Functions The endoplasmic reticulum serves many general functions, includ...

Endoplasmic reticulum

... hormones ), and also plays an important role in carbohydrate metabolism , detoxification of the cell (enzymes in the smooth ER detoxify chemicals), and calcium storage. It also is a large transporter of nutrient found in each cell. Functions The endoplasmic reticulum serves many general functions, includ...

Blood type

...ycosyltransferase , an enzyme that modifies the carbohydrate content of the red blood cell antigens. The gene is located on the long arm of the ninth chromosome (9q34). A allele gives type A, B gives type B, and i gives type O. A and B are dominant over i , so ii people have type O, AA or ...

Nutrition

... as fuel, and the simplistic notion that protein, carbohydrate etc. were each obtained from one type of food (the meat and two veg model) has all but been replaced. Increasing complexity means that nutrition researchers today advocate a holistic approach. They readily admit that there are many nutrients and ...

Liver

...lbladder . The liver performs several roles in carbohydrate metabolism : Gluconeogenesis (the formation of glucose from certain amino acids , lactate or glycerol ) Glycogenolysis (the formation of glucose from glycogen ) Glycogenesis (the formation of glycogen from glucose) The...

Citric acid cycle

...le The citric acid cycle is the second step in carbohydrate catabolism (the breakdown of sugars). Glycolysis breaks glucose (a six-carbon-molecule) down into pyruvate (a three-carbon molecule). In eukaryotes , pyruvate moves into the mitochondria . It is converted into acetyl-CoA and enters the citr...

Insulin

...eas ) is a polypeptide hormone that regulates carbohydrate metabolism . Apart from being the primary effector in carbohydrate homeostasis, it also takes part in the metabolism of fat ( triglycerides ) and proteins – ...

Golgi apparatus

... from these glycoproteins, creating a diversity of carbohydrate structures on the proteins. After they have been secreted in to the cell the vesicles fuse to the cell membrane and release their contents. As well as protein modification, Golgi apparatus is involved in the transport of lipids around the cell as ...

Glycoprotein

...s a macromolecule composed of a protein and a carbohydrate (a sugar ). The carbohydrate is usually attached to the protein in a posttranslational modification , at either asparagine , h...

Glycolysis

Glycolysis is the initial metabolic pathway of carbohydrate catabolism . The most common and well-known form of glycolysis is the Embden - Meyerhof pathway. The term can be taken to include alternative pathways, such as the Entner-Doudoroff Pathway . However, glycolysis will be used here as a synonym...

Glycolipid

Glycolipids are carbohydrate -attached lipids . Their role is to provide ene... for cellular recognition. They occur where a carbohydrate chain is associated with phospholipids in the cell surface membrane . The carbohydrates are fo...

Glucose

...rganisms, only the D -isomer is found. Whether a carbohydrate is D or L has to do with the isomeric conformation of the hydroxyl on carbon 5. If it is to the right in the Fischer projection , then the ring form will be the D enantiomer, if it is to the left, it will be the L enantiomer. This is easy ...

Endoplasmic reticulum

... hormones ), and also plays an important role in carbohydrate metabolism , detoxification of the cell (enzymes in the smooth ER detoxify chemicals), and calcium storage. It also is a large transporter of nutrient found in each cell. Functions The endoplasmic reticulum serves many general functions, includ...

Citric acid cycle

...le The citric acid cycle is the second step in carbohydrate catabolism (the breakdown of sugars). Glycolysis breaks glucose (a six-carbon-molecule) down into pyruvate (a three-carbon molecule). In eukaryotes , pyruvate moves into the mitochondria . It is converted into acetyl-CoA and enters the citr...

Cellulose

... 5 ) n is a long-chain polymer polysaccharide carbohydrate , of beta-glucose . It forms the primary structur...ortant in cell walls, where they are meshed into a carbohydrate matrix , helping keep plants rigid. Given a cellulose material, the portion that does not dissolve...

Carbohydrate

...tructure Glucose as a straight-chain carbohydrate ( Fischer projection ) Fructose ( F..., which interconvert in equilibrium. However, the carbohydrate may further react with an alcohol to form an acetal or ketal , in which case the two forms become...