Apoptosis
... role of interferon in tumor suppression
3.2
cancer and defective apoptotic pathways
3.3 Role of ... dividing without restrictions, developing into
cancer . For example, as part of the hijacking of the ... HPVs can result in the development of cervical
cancer .
Response to stress or DNA damage
...
Cancer
...
cancer is a group of diseases characterized by ... cells are not normally located ( metastasis ).
cancer is caused by damage to DNA (genetic material) ... and tissues . Mutations in DNA that lead to
cancer appear to disrupt these orderly processes.
The ...
Growth curve
... Examples
1.1 Bacterial cell growth
1.2
cancer cell growth
1.3 The growth of children
1.4 ... mechanisms that control gene expression .
cancer cell growth
cancer research is an area of biology where growth ...
HeLa
... cell is a cell which is derived from cervical
cancer cells taken from a woman named Henrietta Lacks , who died from the
cancer in 1951 , and circulated (without Lacks's knowledge or permission) by George Gey . These
cancer cells are considered "immortal" (that is, they do ...
Human Genome Project
... to a variety of illnesses, including breast
cancer , blood clotting , cystic fibrosis , liver ... a researcher investigating a certain form of
cancer may have narrowed down his search to a particular ... biotechnology , eventually leading to cures for
cancer , Alzheimers disease and other diseases.
On a ...
Monoclonal antibody
... Applications
2.1 Monoclonal antibodies for
cancer treatment
2.2 Chimeric and humanized ... multiply rapidly and indefinitely (since they are
cancer cells after all) and will produce large amounts ... are degraded.
Monoclonal antibodies for
cancer treatment
One possible treatment for ...
Stem cell
...
3.2 Potential treatments
3.2.1
cancer
3.2.2 Spinal cord
3.2.2.1 Embryonic ... otherwise multiply uncontrollably, producing
cancer .
A major development in research came in May ... (adult) stem cells have been used to treat
cancer patients with conditions such as leukemia and ...
Tumor
... See the article about
cancer for the main article about malignant tumors.
... or benign .
Malignant tumors are called
cancer .
cancer has the potential to invade and destroy ...
Gene therapy
... company) conducted experiments injecting retroviruses into lung
cancer patients. After the injections of vectors containing p53 — a ... to be one regulating cell division, uncontrolled cell division (i.e.,
cancer ) can occur.
Gene therapy trials to treat severe combined ...
Nutrition
... prone to the 'diseases of civilization' - diabetes , heart disease and
cancer - than Europeans, and their varied diet is thought to contribute to ... can be affected at the micro or macro levels by nutrition, for example
cancer can arise through cell metabolism malfunction, and high energy levels can ...
Virus
... are caused by herpes simplex . Recently it has been shown that cervical
cancer is caused at least partly by papillomavirus (which causes papillomas, or ... representing the first significant evidence in humans for a link between
cancer and an infective agent. There is current controversy over whether borna ...
Antibiotic
... a new era of research into the possibility of similarly "magic" chemotherapeutic cures for other diseases eventually led to successes in the field of
cancer chemotherapy.
The discovery of antibiotics, along with anesthesia and the adoption of hygienic practices by physicians (for example, washing ...
Antibody
... "Designed" monoclonal antibody therapy is already being employed in a number of diseases (including rheumatoid arthritis ) and in some forms of
cancer . Presently , many antibody-related therapies are undergoing extensive clinical trials for use in practice.
Biochemical applications
In ...
Biodiversity
... ), digitalis from the foxglove plant (chronic heart trouble), and morphine from the poppy plant (pain relief). According the National
cancer Institute , over 70 % of the promising anti-cancer drugs come from plants in the tropical rainforests . Animal may also play a role, in particular ...
Bioinformatics
... in a disorder: one might compare microarray data from cancerous epithelial cells to data from non-cancerous cells to determine the proteins that
cancer up-regulates and down-regulates.
Expression data is also used to infer gene regulation: one might compare microarray data from a wide variety of ...
Bone
... muscle is called biomechanics . The science of bones is called osteology .
Some illnesses afflict human bones, for example osteoporosis and
cancer . The joints can be affected by arthritis .
Cut and polished bone from a variety of animals is sometimes used as material for jewelry and other ...
Cell division
... , protective bits of DNA on the end of a chromosome , become shorter with each division and eventually can no longer protect the chromosome.
cancer cells, on the other hand, are "immortal." An enzyme called telomerase allows them to continue dividing indefinitely.
See also
Cell ...
Cell growth
... mating, it produces homozygotes and heterozygotes according to the Hardy-Weinberg ratio .
Related articles
Bacterial growth
cancer
Developmental biology
Stem cell
Cell cycle
...
Colchicine
... an attack of gout can exacerbate the symptoms. High doses can also damage bone marrow and lead to anemia . It's not used in the treatment of
cancer , as the dose required would lead to intolerable side-effects.
Toxicity
Poisoning resembles intoxication with arsenic : symptoms start 2 to 5 ...
Bioinformatics
... in a disorder: one might compare microarray data from cancerous epithelial cells to data from non-cancerous cells to determine the proteins that
cancer up-regulates and down-regulates.
Expression data is also used to infer gene regulation: one might compare microarray data from a wide variety of ...
Computed axial tomography
...
CT is excellent for detecting both acute and chronic changes in the lung parenchyma. For detection of airspace disease (such as pneumonia ) or
cancer , ordinary non-contrast scans are adequate.
For evaluation of chronic interstitial processes ( emphysema , fibrosis , and so forth), thin sections ...
Ploidy
... (the cause of Klinefelter's syndrome and others) and of chromosome 21 (the cause of Down syndrome ) are relatively common.
Many forms of
cancer have incorrect ploidy numbers, due to the accumulation of mutations which increase chromosome missegregation .
Polyploidy
Polyploidy is ...
Evolution
... which can be passed on to progeny and somatic mutations , which (when accidental) often lead to the malfunction or death of a cell and can cause
cancer .
Mutations introduce new genetic variation, without which evolution cannot proceed. Neutral mutations do not affect the organism's chances of ...
Francis Crick
... was elected a fellow of CSICOP in 1983 and a Humanist Laureate of the International Academy of Humanism in the same year. Crick died of colon
cancer in Thornton Hospital, San Diego . [2]
Books by Crick
Of Molecules and Men (Prometheus Books, 2004; original edition 1967) ISBN ...
Ploidy
... (the cause of Klinefelter's syndrome and others) and of chromosome 21 (the cause of Down syndrome ) are relatively common.
Many forms of
cancer have incorrect ploidy numbers, due to the accumulation of mutations which increase chromosome missegregation .
Polyploidy
Polyploidy is ...
Hepatitis B
... may lead to a chronic inflammation of the liver, leading to cirrhosis . This type of infection dramatically increases the incidence of liver
cancer .
The greater a person's age at the time of infection, the greater the chance their body will clear the infection. More than 95% of people who ...
Immune system
... is an organ system that acts as a defense against foreign pathogens (such as viruses , bacteria , parasites ), some poisons , as well as
cancer . Components of the immune system also function in the return of extracellular fluid to the blood.
Bacteria and monocellular organisms have an ...
Infertility
... when they are under pressure to make medical decisions. Women trying to conceive often have clinical depression rates similar to women who have
cancer 4 .
If infertility treatment is unsuccessful after several attempts, the most difficult decision a couple faces is whether to keep trying this or ...
Klinefelter's syndrome
... to produce sperm . Most XXY males have some degree of language impairment as well. The syndrome is associated with an increased risk of breast
cancer , pulmonary disease , varicose veins , and osteoporosis .
The condition was identified in 1942 by Dr. Harry Klinefelter in Boston . The cause ...
Liver
... or hepatitis
Hemochromatosis , a hereditary disease causing the accumulation of iron in the body, eventually leading to liver damage
cancer of the liver (primary hepatocellular carcinoma or cholangiocarcinoma and metastatic cancers, usually from other parts of the gastrointestinal ...
Mathematical biology
...
Modelling of neurons and carcinogenesis [2]
Mechanics of biological tissues [3]
Theoretical enzymology and enzyme kinetics [4]
cancer modelling and simulation [5]
Swarming behaviour [6]
Multi-scale modelling of the heart [7]
Travelling waves in a wound-healing assay ...
Magnetic resonance imaging
... its Lifetime Achievement Award on Dr Damadian as "the man who invented the MRI scanner".
It is still not clear if Damadian's method of detecting
cancer is working, and it is not used in modern MRI imaging and diagnostics. His description of a whole body scanner only concerned itself with searching ...
Muscle
... very rare)
Striated muscle: rhabdomyoma (benign) and rhabdomyosarcoma (malignant) - both very rare
Metastasis from elsewhere (e.g. lung
cancer )
Smooth muscle has been implicated to play a role in a large number of diseases affecting blood vessels , the respiratory tract (e.g. asthma ...
Oncogene
... An oncogene is a gene that can cause a cell to develop into a tumor cell, possibly resulting in
cancer .
Contents showTocToggle("show","hide")
1 Protooncogene
1.1 Activation
2 Oncogene
2.1 Growth factors
2.2 ...
Skin
... from without, and so can be afflicted by numerous ailments, such as:
Tumors :
Benign tumors of the skin: Squamous cell papilloma
Skin
cancer
Others :
Rashes
Blisters
Acne
Keratosis pilaris
Fungal infections such as athlete's foot
microbial ....
Transformation
... can divide only a certain number of times before they will stop dividing. Cells that have been transformed no longer have such a limit (for example,
cancer cells) are able to grow and divide potentially forever.
In mathematics , a transformation is any of a variety of different operations that ...