cancer

Virus

...implex . Recently it has been shown that cervical cancer is caused at least partly by papillomavirus (whi... significant evidence in humans for a link between cancer and an infective agent. There is current controversy over whether borna virus , previously thought ...

Tumor

See the article about cancer for the main article about malignant tumors. T...gnant or benign . Malignant tumors are called cancer . Cancer has the potential to invade and destroy neighboring tissues and create metastases . Benign...

Transformation

...nsformed no longer have such a limit (for example, cancer cells) are able to grow and divide potentially forever. In mathematics , a transformation is any of a variety of different operations that can be performed using linear algebra . For example, in 3D computer graphics , the operations of movin...

Stem cell

...hich otherwise multiply uncontrollably, producing cancer . A major development in research came in May ...marrow (adult) stem cells have been used to treat cancer patients with conditions such as leukemia and lymphoma . During chemotherapy , most growing cel...

Skin

...ors of the skin: Squamous cell papilloma Skin cancer Others : Rashes Blisters Acne Keratosis pilaris Fungal infections such as athlete's foot microbial infections. calcinosis cutis ulcer list of skin diseases See also Birthmark Vernix caseosa H...

Oncogene

...evelop into a tumor cell, possibly resulting in cancer . Contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Protooncogene 1.1 Activation 2 Oncogene 2.1 Growth factors 2.2 Protein kinases and related proteins 3 Related articles Protooncogene A proto oncogene is a gene th...

Nutrition

...f civilization' - diabetes , heart disease and cancer - than Europeans, and their varied diet is though... micro or macro levels by nutrition, for example cancer can arise through cell metabolism malfunction, and high energy levels can promote health through fr...

Muscle

...ery rare Metastasis from elsewhere (e.g. lung cancer ) Smooth muscle has been implicated to play a role in a large number of diseases affecting blood vessels , the respiratory tract (e.g. asthma ), the digestive system (e.g. irritable bowel syndrome ) and the urinary tract (e.g. urinary inc...

Magnetic resonance imaging

... still not clear if Damadian's method of detecting cancer is working, and it is not used in modern MRI imaging and diagnostics. His description of a whole body scanner only concerned itself with searching the body for cancer, and does not discuss the use of the data for generating pictures showing different...

Monoclonal antibody

... 2 Applications 2.1 Monoclonal antibodies for cancer treatment 2.2 Chimeric and humanized antibodies ... multiply rapidly and indefinitely (since they are cancer cells after all) and will produce large amounts of antibodies. The hybridomas are sufficiently dilut...

Klinefelter's syndrome

...me is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer , pulmonary disease , varicose veins , and osteoporosis . The condition was identified in 1942 by Dr. Harry Klinefelter in Boston . The cause was not found until the 1950s. The condition is incurable, but its symptoms can be treated in a numbe...

Infertility

...inical depression rates similar to women who have cancer 4 . If infertility treatment is unsuccessful after several attempts, the most difficult decision a couple faces is whether to keep trying this or another treatment, or to discontinue treatment. Social impact In many cultures, inability to con...

Immune system

...cteria , parasites ), some poisons , as well as cancer . Components of the immune system also function in the return of extracellular fluid to the blood. Bacteria and monocellular organisms have an "immune system" (under the broader of the two definitions above) designed to combat bacteriophages (viru...

Human Genome Project

...ition to a variety of illnesses, including breast cancer , blood clotting , cystic fibrosis , liver dis...mple, a researcher investigating a certain form of cancer may have narrowed down his search to a particular gene. By visiting the human genome database on the...

Hepatitis B

...ion dramatically increases the incidence of liver cancer . The greater a person's age at the time of infection, the greater the chance their body will clear the infection. More than 95% of people who become infected as adults or older children will stage a full recovery and develop protective immunity to...

HeLa

... cell is a cell which is derived from cervical cancer cells taken from a woman named Henrietta Lacks , who died from the cancer in 1951 , and circulated (without Lacks's knowledge or permission) by George Gey . These cancer cel...

Ploidy

... syndrome ) are relatively common. Many forms of cancer have incorrect ploidy numbers, due to the accumulation of mutations which increase chromosome missegregation . Polyploidy Polyploidy is the state where all cells have multiple pairs of chromosomes beyond the basic set. Polyploidy is common in...

Growth curve

...ts that conventional anticancer drugs have on the cancer cells . Many conventional anticancer drugs (for e...after the cell growth rate has slowed. Most of the cancer cells are removed by surgery. The remaining cancer cells begin to proliferate rapidly and cancer che...

Gene therapy

...cted experiments injecting retroviruses into lung cancer patients. After the injections of vectors contain... cell division, uncontrolled cell division (i.e., cancer ) can occur. Gene therapy trials to treat severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) were halted or ...

Francis Crick

...f Humanism in the same year. Crick died of colon cancer in Thornton Hospital, San Diego . [2] Books by Crick Of Molecules and Men (Prometheus Books, 2004; original edition 1967) ISBN 1591021855 What Mad Pursuit: A Personal View of Scientific Discovery (Basic Books reprint edition, ...

Evolution

... the malfunction or death of a cell and can cause cancer . Mutations introduce new genetic variation, without which evolution cannot proceed. Neutral mutations do not affect the organism's chances of survival in its natural environment and can accumulate over time, which might result in what is known as...

Ploidy

... syndrome ) are relatively common. Many forms of cancer have incorrect ploidy numbers, due to the accumulation of mutations which increase chromosome missegregation . Polyploidy Polyploidy is the state where all cells have multiple pairs of chromosomes beyond the basic set. Polyploidy is common in...

Computed axial tomography

...tion of airspace disease (such as pneumonia ) or cancer , ordinary non-contrast scans are adequate. For evaluation of chronic interstitial processes ( emphysema , fibrosis , and so forth), thin sections with high spatial frequency reconstructions are used. For evaluation of the mediastinum and hilar r...

Bioinformatics

...non-cancerous cells to determine the proteins that cancer up-regulates and down-regulates. Expression data is also used to infer gene regulation: one might compare microarray data from a wide variety of states of an organism to form hypotheses about the genes involved in each state. In a single-cell organi...

Colchicine

...ad to anemia . It's not used in the treatment of cancer , as the dose required would lead to intolerable side-effects. Toxicity Poisoning resembles intoxication with arsenic : symptoms start 2 to 5 hours after the toxic dose has been ingested and include burning in the mouth and throat, fever , vom...

Cancer

...ans and tissues . Mutations in DNA that lead to cancer appear to disrupt these orderly processes. The un...,"hide") 1 Signs and symptoms 2 Types of cancer 2.1 Adult cancers 2.2 Childhood cancers 3 Diagnosing cancer 3.1 Biopsy 3.2 Screen...

Bone

...flict human bones, for example osteoporosis and cancer . The joints can be affected by arthritis . Cut and polished bone from a variety of animals is sometimes used as material for jewelry and other crafts. Terminology General Features Process a relatively large projection or promine...

Bioinformatics

...non-cancerous cells to determine the proteins that cancer up-regulates and down-regulates. Expression data is also used to infer gene regulation: one might compare microarray data from a wide variety of states of an organism to form hypotheses about the genes involved in each state. In a single-cell organi...

Apoptosis

...ue dividing without restrictions, developing into cancer . For example, as part of the hijacking of the cel...ic HPVs can result in the development of cervical cancer . Response to stress or DNA damage Stress conditions (such as starvation) as well as damage to...

Antibody

...ding rheumatoid arthritis ) and in some forms of cancer . Presently , many antibody-related therapies are undergoing extensive clinical trials for use in practice. Biochemical applications In biochemistry , antibodies are used for immunological identification of proteins, using the Western blot ...

Antibiotic

...seases eventually led to successes in the field of cancer chemotherapy. The discovery of antibiotics, along with anesthesia and the adoption of hygienic practices by physicians (for example, washing hands and using sterilized instruments) revolutionized medicine . It has been said that this is the gr...