beta

Secondary structure

... colour, and random coil in white, there are no beta sheets in shown. This protein was the first to ha...ructure of a protein includes alpha helices , beta sheets , turns , and random coil , among other less common structure. Such structures often can be...

Protein

... patterned sub-structures— alpha helix and beta sheet —or segments of chain that assume no stable shape . Secondary structures are locally defined, meaning that there can be many different secondary motifs present in one single protein molecule. Tertiary structure : the overall shape o...

Promoter

...). Thalassemia intermedia: moderate reduction of beta globin gene transcriptional activity by a novel mutation of the proximal CACCC promoter element . Blood . 77 (9), 2054-2058. Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome case study: Petrij F, Giles RH, Dauwerse HG, Saris JJ, Hennekam RC, Masuno M, Tommeru...

Citric acid cycle

...y acids are broken down through a process known as beta oxidation which results in acetyl-CoA which can be used in the citric acid cycle. Sometimes beta oxidation can yield propionyl CoA which can result in further glucose production by gluconeogenesis ...

Keratin

...d coil structure while beta-keratin have twisted beta sheet structure. In humans, the keratin family of proteins is divided into the soft epithelial keratins or cytokeratins and the hard hair keratins . These can be divided into type I (acidic) and type II (basic to neutral) subfamilies. Keratin ...

Isozyme

...gans, such as control of insulin release by the beta cells of the pancreas , or initiation of glycogen synthesis by liver cells. Both of these processes must only occur when glucose is abundant, or problems occur. Distinguishing isozymes Isozymes (and allozymes) are variants of the same enz...

Insulin

...ynthesized in humans and other mammals within the beta cells (B-cells) of the islets of Langerhans in ... of the pancreas. Within the islets of Langerhans, beta cells constitute 60–80% of all the cells. Insulin is built from 51 amino acids and is one of ...

Electrophysiology

...entials in excitable cells such as neurons and the beta cells of the pancreas. Voltage-clamp recordings are very popular for measuring macroscopic currents in which the activity of many ion channels is occurring at the same time. However with this powerful technique it is also possible to measure the curr...

Diabetes mellitus

...ncipal sugar in blood. Insulin is produced by beta cells in the pancreas in response to rising lev...n which the body's own immune system attacks the beta cells in the Islets of Langerhans of the pancreas , destroying them or damaging them sufficiently...

Cytoskeleton

...ilaments which, in turn, are polymers of alpha and beta tubulin . They have a very dynamic behaviour, binding GTP for polymerization, they are organized by the centrosome . They play key roles in: Intracellular transport (asociated with dyneins and kinesins they transport organelles like mit...

Citric acid cycle

...y acids are broken down through a process known as beta oxidation which results in acetyl-CoA which can be used in the citric acid cycle. Sometimes beta oxidation can yield propionyl CoA which can result in further glucose production by gluconeogenesis ...

Carbohydrate

...ight-chain form, and so has both an alpha and a beta form, which interconvert in equilibrium. However, the carbohydrate may further react with an alcohol to form an acetal or ketal , in which case the two forms become distinct. This is the basic type of link between the monosaccharide units of la...

ATP synthase

... a cylinder of 6 subunits , alternating alpha and beta subunits, that form a ring around an asymmetrical gamma subunit. Facilitated diffusion of protons causes the F O particle to rotate, rotating the gamma subunit of F 1 , while the major F 1 subunits are fixed in place. This rotation forces a confo...

Apoptosis

...scribed their research on how interferon alpha and beta (IFN-alpha/beta)induce transcription of the p53 gene , resulting in the increase of p53 protein level and enhancement of cancer cell-apoptosis. p53 is a tumor suppressor, and is considered as a negative-growth and anti-oncogenic factor. Work car...

Alpha helix

...ic structural elements in proteins, together with beta sheets . The peptide backbone of an α helix has 3.6 amino acids per turn. See also : tertiary structure -- β sheet -- collagen helix References David Eisenberg, "The discovery of the α-helix and β-sheet, the p...