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Based in Biological Definition

Amine

... the hydrogens in ammonia is replaced by a carbon based group, then it is a primary amine . If two of the hydrogens are replaced by two carbon based groups, then it is a secondary amine . If all three hydrogens are replaced with three carbon based groups, then it is a tertiary amine . Note: the ...

Archaea

... in 1977 by Carl Woese and George Fox based on their separation from other prokaryotes on 16S ... of bacteria. A phylogenetic tree based on rRNA data, showing the separation of ... Archaea are divided into two main groups based on rRNA trees, the Euryarchaeota and ...

Artificial life

... in those years by a "top-down" approach based on complicated networks of rules. Students of ... phenomena. The usual way is through an agent based model , which usually gives a minimal possible ... automata, not requiring a physical body but based on the changing states of the cells in an ...

Biology

... of life consist of cells , which in turn, are based on a common carbon -based biochemistry . All ... heredity via the genetic material which is based upon the nucleic acid DNA using a universal ... A phylogenetic tree of all living things , based on rRNA gene data, showing the separation of ...

Bacterium

... Woese divided the prokaryotes into two groups based on 16S rRNA sequences, called the kingdoms ... so on. In addition, bacteria are distinguished based on the source of reducing equivalents they are ... , tungsten , vanadium or boron are needed. based on their response to oxygen, most bacteria can be ...

Cancer

... Hyperplasia refers to tissue growth based on an excessive rate of cell division, leading to ... by the epidemiologic studies, as well as leads based on laboratory research, result in reduced cancer ... breast, endometrial, and possibly other cancers). based on epidemiologic evidence, it is now thought that ...

Carolus Linnaeus

... or taxonomic groups . His groupings were based upon shared physical characteristics. Although ... of a hierarchical structure of classification based upon observable characteristics. Linnaeus was ... , Asiaticus , Africanus , and Europeanus were based on place of origin at first, and later skin ....

Charles Darwin

... inspiration and much of the data on which he based his theory. Contents ... invited by FitzRoy to contribute his "Journal" , based on his field notes, as the natural history ... Legacy Charles Darwin's theory of evolution based upon natural selection changed the thinking of ...

Chromatography

... may be interacting with the stationary phase based on charge, relative solubility or adsorption. ... in equilibrium. The partition coefficient K is based on this equilibrium, and is defined by the ... chromatography Gas-liquid chromatography is based on a partition equilibrium of analyte between a ...

Cladistics

... the evolutionary relationships of living things based on derived similarities. It forms the basis for ... In contrast, phenetics groups organisms based on their overall similarity, while more ... 5 External links Introduction based on a wide variety of information, which includes ...

Bacterium

... Woese divided the prokaryotes into two groups based on 16S rRNA sequences, called the kingdoms ... so on. In addition, bacteria are distinguished based on the source of reducing equivalents they are ... , tungsten , vanadium or boron are needed. based on their response to oxygen, most bacteria can be ...

Eugenics

... to use. Galton's formulation of eugenics was based in a strong statistical approach, influenced ... , who developed more powerful statistical models based on the Mendelian laws. Eugenics developed to ... role of director of a biological research station based in Cold Spring Harbor . Here he began ...

Evolution

... A phylogenetic tree of all living things , based on rRNA gene data, showing the separation of ... Darwin's day, the evidence of shared traits was based solely on visible observation of morphologic ... (described below). However, other non-DNA based forms of heritable variation exist. The processes ...

Insulin

... of controlling insulin delivery in the field based on blood glucose levels. If too much insulin is ... release. All such decisions by a diabetic must be based on general experience and training (ie, at the ... diabetic educator) and, further, specifically based on the individual experience of the patient. It ...

Liver

... gross anatomy divided the liver into four lobes based on surface features. The falciform ligament is ... crucial to understand the organization of liver based on blood supply and biliary drainage. The ... further divided into a total of eight segments based on secondary and tertiary branching of the blood ...

Memory

... are multiple types of classifications for memory based on duration, nature and retrieval of perceived ... generally accepted classification of memory is based on the duration of memory retention, and ... procedural memory (or implicit memory ) is not based on the conscious recall of information, but on an ...

Molecular biology

... electrophoresis , DNA and RNA can be separated based on size by running the DNA through an agarose gel. Proteins can be separated based on size using an SDS-PAGE gel. Proteins can also be separated based on their electric charge , using what is known ...

Molecular phylogeny

... been disassembled and reassembled into patterns based on molecular identification rather than on the previous system of taxonomy based on morphology . Because it is now possible to ... to determine the relationships of organisms based on the presence or absence, and the DNA sequence ...

Phylogenetic tree

... of constructing phylogenetic trees: Distance based methods such as Neighbour Joining , Parsimony based methods such as Maximum Parsimony , and character based methods such as Maximum Likelihood or Bayesian ...

Protist

... the group. Protists were traditionally divided based on similarities to the higher kingdoms. The ... , and include several important parasites . based on locomotion, protozoa are grouped into: ... systems attempt to provide monophyletic groups based on ultrastructure , chemistry, and genetic ...

Protist

... the group. Protists were traditionally divided based on similarities to the higher kingdoms. The ... , and include several important parasites . based on locomotion, protozoa are grouped into: ... systems attempt to provide monophyletic groups based on ultrastructure , chemistry, and genetic ...

Secondary structure

... Sander 1983). The secondary structure is assigned based on hydrogen bonding patterns as those initially ... S = bend (the only non-hydrogen-bond based assignment) In DSSP residues which are not in ... dynamic programming , and many algorithms are based on Stochastic context-free grammars . ...

Transmembrane receptor

... "activation" cycles. They are often classified based on their molecular structure , or because the ... in any detail for all but a few receptors, based on their hypothesized (and sometimes ... else is known about this class of receptors is based in part on studies of bacteriorhodopsin , the ...

Biodiversity

... and the presence of other species. For a listing of distinct ecoregions based on these distributions, see the WikiProject Ecoregions . Species ... life to biodiversity is very small indeed". "On the tree of life, based on analyses of small-subunit ribosomal RNA , visible life consists of ...

Brain

... have produced computer systems called neural networks that are loosely based on the structure of neuron connections in the brain. Artificial ... most portions of a body, interpret those signals and formulate reactions based on prior experiences and on physical needs. A similarly extensive nerve ...

Dialysis

... failure , ESRD), the problem is usually longstanding, and decision is based on the possibility of a renal transplant , complications of the ... draining. Once the entire bag of fluid (an amount varying primarily based on body size, ranging from 1500 to 3000 mL ) has been introduced to the ...

Gel electrophoresis

... is a group of techniques used by scientists to separate molecules based on physical characteristics such as size, shape, or isoelectric point . ... with complex shapes and migrate through the gel in a complicated manner based on their tertiary structure. Therefore, agents that disrupt the hydrogen ...

Enzyme

... irreversibility of a reaction. The direction of any chemical reaction is based only on the energy balance between the two sides of the reaction equation, ... numbers, preceded by "EC". The first number broadly classifies the enzyme based on its mechanism: EC 1 Oxidoreductases : catalyze oxidation ...

Fermentation

... References Brewing beer All beers are brewed using a process based on a simple formula. Key to the process is malted barley which has ... later in the process. In the modern mashing process commercial fungal based beta-glucanase may be added as a supplement. A mash rest from 120F to 130 ...

Gel electrophoresis

... is a group of techniques used by scientists to separate molecules based on physical characteristics such as size, shape, or isoelectric point . ... with complex shapes and migrate through the gel in a complicated manner based on their tertiary structure. Therefore, agents that disrupt the hydrogen ...

Genetic fingerprinting

... now highly automated, and allows for easy creation of phylogenetic trees based on comparing individual samples of DNA. One of the most modern and ... computed. For example, the coincidence probabilities may be calculated based on the probabilities that markers in two samples have bands in precisely ...

Human

... Worship Society Although many species are social , forming groups based on genetic ties, affection, self-defense, or shared food gathering and ... these readily observable characteristics (tool-making and language) are based on less easily observable mental processes that might be unique among ...

Immune system

... of introducion of an attenuated pathogen. The adaptive immune system is based on immune cells called leukocytes (or white blood cells) that are ... next encountered T "killer" cells need to be activated. This mechanism is based on antigen danger evaluation by T cells that are all belonging to the ...

Mendelian inheritance

... be known as genes , though Mendel did not coin the term himself. Mendel based his theory on experiments involving the cross- pollination between two plants or self-pollinatation with a single plant. based on many years of careful, tedious breeding experiments, Mendel developed ...

Origin of life

... 's iron-sulfur world theory and models introduced by Christian de Duve based on the chemistry of thioesters . More abstract and theoretical arguments ... Clay theory of the origin of life A hypothesis for the origin of life based on clay was forwarded by Dr A. Graham Cairns-Smith of Glasgow ...

Paleontology

... developing history of life on earth, of ancient plants and animals based on the fossil record , evidence of their existence preserved in rocks . ... regionally and Georges Cuvier who initiated the study of ancient animals based on living animals. Notable American figures include Edward Drinker Cope ...

Paternity testing

... only from the mother, without any shuffling. Proving a relationship based on comparison of the mitochondrial genome is much easier than that based on the nuclear genome. However, testing the mitochondrial genome can only ...

Polymerase chain reaction

... identical. The other use for degenerate primers is when primer design is based on protein sequence . As several different codons can code for one ... used for the PCR program. Random mutagenesis, on the other hand, is based on the use of error-prone polymerases in the PCR process. In the case of ...

Pigment

... 1 List of pigments 1.1 Heme/Porphyrin based 1.2 Light emitting 1.3 Lipochromes 1.4 Photosynthetic 1.5 ... 2 External links List of pigments Heme / Porphyrin based Chlorophyll Bilirubin Hemocyanin Hemoglobin Myoglobin ...

Species

... are whimsical at best, such as those that determined consanguinity based on color (all plants with yellow flowers) or behavior (snakes, scorpions ... advances that have allowed researchers to determine relatedness based on genetic markers. The results have been nothing short of revolutionary, ...
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(Date:11/24/2009)... Springer and the American College of Medical Toxi...ate on the publication of the Journal of Medical ...T, beginning in March 2010. It was previously pub..., The Journal of Medical Toxicology , an interna...ancing the science and practice of medical toxicol...
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(Date:11/23/2009)..., A new study by the Wildlife Conservation Societ...arge swamp in the Republic of Congopart of the "mo...d last yearare becoming increasingly threatened by...udy recommends protection of the swamp forests adj...Reserve after recent surveys confirmed that high d...
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