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Ebola

... the entire area was quarantined , which soon brought the disease back under control. This quarantine simply meant that the area was isolated ... — found in the factory were tested for Ebola, none of the tests came back testing positive (Draper 30-31). The natural reservoir for Ebola is still ...

Epigenetics

... from one generation (of cells or organisms) to the next - that is (harking back to the Greek prefix), 'in addition to' the genetic information encoded in ... which bring the phenotype into being”. However the term goes back at least to 1896 (see References). Various aspects of the modern ...

Gene therapy

... vivo (where cells are modified outside the body and then transplanted back in again) and in vivo (where genes are changed in cells still in the ... DNA directly as well. After modification, the cells are transplanted back in to the patient where they will hopefully replicate and produce ...

Memory

... record of the encoded information) Retrieval/Recall (calling back the stored information in response to some cue for use in some process or ... requires conscious recall , in that some conscious process must call back the information. It is sometimes called explicit memory , since it ...

Mitosis

... . This does not occur in every organism - in some cases chromosomes move back and forth between the centrioles randomly, only roughly lining up along ... reforms around the genetic material and the chromosomes are unfolded back into chromatin. This is often followed by cytokinesis or cleavage , ...

Mitosis

... . This does not occur in every organism - in some cases chromosomes move back and forth between the centrioles randomly, only roughly lining up along ... reforms around the genetic material and the chromosomes are unfolded back into chromatin. This is often followed by cytokinesis or cleavage , ...

Thermoregulation

... with the due working of the higher nerve-centres puts the animal back again, for the time being, on to a lower plane of evolution. ... heat. As the sun gets stronger, a lizard hides under the rock or goer back to the burrows. Interestingly, as the sun goes down and the temperature is ...

Absorption spectrum

... correspond to a jump of an electron to a higher orbit are absorbed by the gas. Afterwards, the electron does not stay in its higher orbit and falls back down, emitting a photon of exactly the same frequency as the one absorbed. However, this is emitted in all directions, not just in the direction in ...

Alga

... treatises on algae specifically exclude them. Cyanobacteria is one of the first groups of living things to appear in the fossil record , dating back some 3800 million years ago ( Precambrian ) when they may have played a major role in creating Earth's oxygen atmosphere. They have a prokaryotic ...

Anatomy

... tissue Epithelial tissue Glandular tissue Lymphoid tissue Externally visible parts of the human body: Abdomen Arm back Buttock Chest Ear Eye Face Genitals Head Joint Leg Mouth Neck Scalp Skin Teeth Tongue ...

Apoptosis

... LMB in 1974, where he collaborated with Sulston. Both would share the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Brenner, and Horvitz would go back to the US in 1978 to establish his own lab at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Brenner's original interests were centered in genetics and ...

Cancer

... is an abnormal type of excessive cell proliferation characterized by loss of normal tissue arrangement and cell structure. Often such cells revert back to normal behavior, but occasionally, they gradually become malignant. Because of their potential for becoming malignant, areas of dysplasia should ...

Cell biology

... Other proteins "flow" through the ER and Golgi to the plasma membrane. From the plasma membrane, proteins destined to be degraded move back into intracellular compartments where they are broken down to their individual amino acids . Techniques Purification of cells ...

Charles Darwin

... sexual selection, an approach which still persists in evolutionary psychology . His work on plants now produced a series of books, then he turned back to the question of the effect worms have on soil levels. Darwin died in Downe, Kent , England, on 19 April 1882 and was given a state ....

Common descent

... this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed into a few forms or into one." The phrase "one form" here seems to hark back to the phrase "some few beings"; in any case, the choice of words is remarkable for its consistency with recent ideas about there having been a ...

Dendrite

... only toward the soma due to an uneven distribution of channels along such dendrites. Scientists have shown that action potentials do propagate back into the dendrites once initiated in the axon in most neurons. This backpropagating action potential is mediated by the activation of voltage-gated ...

Digital organism

... 2 Systems for digital organisms research 3 External links 4 Further reading History Digital organisms can be traced back to the game Core War , in which computer programs had to compete with each other and try to stop the opponent from executing . It turned out that ...

Electrophysiology

... (typically with the aid of a microscope and finely adjustable pipet holders, known as micromanipulators). The chloride-coated silver wire connects back to the amplifier. Classically, electrophysiologists watched biological currents/voltages on an oscilloscope and recorded them onto chart ...

Endodermis

... together and contains Casparian strips on their radial walls which are made of suberin mainly, a waxy substance which prevents water from flowing back into the soil. Water is thus forced toward the center of the root, into the xylem , where it is then transported into the rest of the plant. ...

Enzyme

... by the Law of Conservation of Energy , which would be violated by the possibility of a cycle of moving down a pathway releasing less net energy and back up a different pathway with higher net energy, or vice versa. An enzyme can, however, run a normally non-spontaneous reaction 'backwards' by ...

Extinction

... Earth. However, recent technological advances have encouraged the hypothesis that through the process of cloning , extinct species may be "brought back to life." Proposed targets for cloning include the mammoth and thylacine . In order for such a program to succeed, a sufficient number of ...

Flagellum

... and considered non-homologous. Eukaryotic flagella - those of animal, plant, and protist cells - are complex cellular projections that lash back and forth. Sometimes the last are called cilia or undulipodia to emphasize their distinctiveness. Contents ...

Glucose

... glycogen ("animal starch"), and to fat cells , where it is stored as fat . Glycogen is the body's auxiliary energy source, tapped and converted back into glucose when it needs more energy. Although stored fat can also serve as a backup source of energy, it is never directly converted into glucose. ...

Hepadnaviridae

... partially double-stranded DNA . They have a peculiar mode of replication, because they replicate through an RNA intermediate (which they translate back into DNA using reverse transcriptase ). Because of this mode of replication, Hepadnaviruses are classified as RNA viruses . ...

Hermaphrodite

... Tiresias , who figures in the Oedipus cycle as well as the Odyssey , was a sequential hermaphrodite, having been changed from a man to a woman and back by the gods. Reference Molnar, Sebastian. 2004. Plant Reproductive Systems , internet version posted February 17, 2004. ...

Immunology

... medicine . It studies the relationship between the body systems, pathogens and immunity. The earliest written mention of immunity can be traced back to the plague of Athens in 430 BC . Thucydides noted that people who had recovered from a previous bout of the disease could nurse the sick ...

Liver

... liver is covered entirely by visceral peritoneum , a thin, double-layered membrane that reduces friction against other organs. The peritoneum folds back on itself to form the falciform ligament and the right and left triangular ligaments. These "ligaments" are in no way related to the true anatomic ...

Lipid

... "monolayer" spheres and can only reach a certain size, whereas bilayers can be considerably larger. They can also form tubules. Bilayers that fold back upon themselves form a hollow sphere, enclosing an a separate aqueous compartment, which is essentially the basis of cellular membranes. Micelles ...

Louis Pasteur

... 's highest honor, in 1895 . He died in 1895 near Paris from complications caused by a series of strokes that had begun plaguing him as far back as 1868. He was buried in the Cathedral of Notre Dame , but his remains were soon placed in a crypt in the Institut Pasteur , Paris. Pasteur's ...

Max Delbr

... traveled through England , Denmark , and Switzerland . He met Wolfgang Pauli and Niels Bohr , who got him interested in biology . Delbrck went back to Berlin in 1932 as an assistant to Lise Meitner . In 1937, he moved to the United States , taking up research at Caltech on genetics of the ...

Mitochondrion

... gradient is built up. The only exit for these protons is through the ATP synthase complex. By transporting protons from the intermembrane space back into the matrix, the ATP synthase complex can make ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (P i ). This process is called chemiosmosis and is an ...

Mitochondrion

... gradient is built up. The only exit for these protons is through the ATP synthase complex. By transporting protons from the intermembrane space back into the matrix, the ATP synthase complex can make ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (P i ). This process is called chemiosmosis and is an ...

Molecular evolution

... assumed first, that there were a large enough number of alleles so that any mutation would lead to a different allele (that is the probability of back mutation to the original allele would be low enough to be negligible); and second, that the mutations would result in a number of different outcomes ...

Nephron

... 75% of the original water content and volume. Loop of Henle The loop of Henle descends from the cortex into the medulla, and then ascends back from the medulla to the cortex. A countercurrent mechanism involving the loop of Henle in the medulla allows reabsorption of water and salt. By this ...

Origin of life

... of (bio)chemical pathways as fundamentals of the evolution of life. Moreover, he presented a consistent system of tracing today's biochemistry back to ancestral reactions that provide alternative pathways to the synthesis of organic building blocks from simple gaseous compounds. In contrast to ...

Oxidative phosphorylation

... a proton against (up) the gradient. Because protons have already been pumped into the intermembrane space against the gradient, they now can flow back into the mitochondrial matrix via the ATP synthase, generating ATP in the process. The reaction is: ADP 3- + H + + P i ↔ ATP 4- + H ...

Polymerase chain reaction

... of RNA that hold the instructions for protein sequence are known as messenger RNA (mRNA). Once RNA is isolated it can be reverse transcribed back into DNA (complementary DNA to be precise, known as cDNA), at which point traditional PCR can be applied to amplify the gene, this methodology is ...

Phosphorylation

... is often the stage of their catabolism . It allows cells to accumulate sugars because the phosphate group prevents the molecules from diffusing back across their transporter. ...

Photon

... (that is, the photon gets absorbed and medium excited, involving the creation of a quasi-particle) and vice versa (the quasi-particle transforms back into a photon, or the medium relaxes by re-emitting the energy as a photon). However, as these transformations are only possibilities, they are not ...

Alga

... treatises on algae specifically exclude them. Cyanobacteria is one of the first groups of living things to appear in the fossil record , dating back some 3800 million years ago ( Precambrian ) when they may have played a major role in creating Earth's oxygen atmosphere. They have a prokaryotic ...
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