Diabetes mellitus
... or damaging them sufficiently to reduce insulin production. The autoimmune
attack may be triggered by reaction to an infection, for example by one of the ... a person suffers a problem frequently caused by diabetes, such as a heart
attack , stroke , neuropathy , poor wound healing or a foot ulcer, certain eye ...
Abiogenesis
... on the primordial young Earth. Despite the enormous progress that has been made since the Miller-Urey experiment , abiogenesis is under constant
attack from creationists, who continually claim that the origin of life by random natural processes is so unlikely as to be, for all practical purposes, ...
Alexander Fleming
... - yellow
Micrococcus varians - white
Micrococcus roseus - pink
Bacillus sp. - orange
Fleming died in 1955 of a heart
attack . He was buried as a national hero in the crypt of St. Paul's Cathedral in London. His discovery of penicillin had changed the world of modern ...
Antibiotic
... of the fungal cell and the mammalian cell are much more similar; so much so that there are few therapeutic opportunities for compounds to
attack a fungal cell which will not harm a human cell. Similarly, we know now that viruses represent an incredibly minimal intracellular parasite, being ...
Antibody
... complement , antibodies can kill bacteria directly. They neutralize toxins by binding with them.
It is important to note that antibodies cannot
attack pathogens within cells, and certain viruses "hide" inside cells for long periods of time to avoid them. This is the reason for the chronic nature of ...
Apoptosis
... make a good molecular fit with healthy self antigen. If they would be let loose without any further processing, many could become autoreactive and
attack healthy body cells. The way the immune system regulates this process is by "deleting" both the ineffective and the potentially damaging immature ...
Colchicine
... fever , amyloidosis , and scleroderma . Side-effects include gastro-intestinal upset and neutropenia . Starting the drug early during an
attack of gout can exacerbate the symptoms. High doses can also damage bone marrow and lead to anemia . It's not used in the treatment of cancer , as ...
Ebola
... extensively with use of Ebola as a biological weapon.
The book Executive Orders by Tom Clancy describes an extensive bioterrorist
attack on the United States via a newly discovered strain of Ebola that propagates by air.
See also
Marburg Hæmorrhagic fever , the first ...
Gene therapy
... body as a large vector, it is not expected to be targeted by the immune system because of its construction.
Vectors in gene therapy
Viruses
attack their hosts to insert their genetic material into the genetic material of the host. This genetic material contains instructions to produce these ...
Immune system
... can result in a variety of effects including opsonization of the pathogen, destruction of the pathogen by formation and activation of the membrane
attack complex , and inflammation.
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also called the acquired immune system, ensures that most ...
Malaria
... days arises from simultaneous waves of merozoites breaking out of red blood cells during the same day.
The parasite is relatively protected from
attack by the body's immune system because it stays inside liver and blood cells. However, circulating infected blood cells are killed in the spleen . ...
Red Queen
... constant arms race between parasites and their hosts. Parasites generally evolve quickly, due to their short lifespans. As they evolve, they
attack their hosts in a variety of ways. Two consecutive generations might be faced with very different selective pressures. If this change is rapid ...
Restriction enzyme
... restricting the infection by certain bacteriophages. Restriction enzymes therefore are believed to be a mechanism evolved by bacteria to resist viral
attack and to help in the removal of viral sequences.
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1 Sites of cleavage
2 Fragment ...
Retrovirus
... ; and,
env ( env elope) codes for the retroviral coat proteins.
Four identified human retroviruses ( HTLV 1&2, HIV 1&2)
attack CD4 cells .
Another feature common to all retroviruses is a lipid coating surrounding their capsid . It is essential for their propagation. This ...
Semen
... sperm. These antibodies mistakenly recognized native T lymphocytes as foreign antigens , and consequently the T lymphyocytes would fall under
attack by the body's B lymphocytes .
Other semen components shown to spur an immunosuppressive effect are seminal plasma and seminal lymphocytes.
Note ...
Skin
... blood flow and lower gland activity.
In medicine , the branch concerned with the skin is called dermatology .
The skin is subject to constant
attack from without, and so can be afflicted by numerous ailments, such as:
Tumors :
Benign tumors of the skin: Squamous cell papilloma
Skin ...
Stem cell
... after heart attacks . Heart attacks are due to the coronary artery being blocked, starving tissue of oxygen and nutrients . Days after the
attack is over, the cells try to remodel themselves in order to become able to pump harder. However, because of the decreased blood flow this attempt is ...