Apoptosis in Biological Definition

Apoptosis

... In biology , apoptosis (from the Greek words apo = from and ptosis ... cell death that results from acute tissue injury, apoptosis is carried out in an ordered process that ... the cells in between the fingers to initiate apoptosis so that the fingers can separate. As will be ...

T cell

... high enough, survive. Other cells go into apoptosis and their remains are engulfed by macrophages. ... do not recognize them. Other T cells die by apoptosis (a small fraction actually survives but normally ... is called negative selection . T cells go into apoptosis if they cannot express their TCR receptors, if ...

Cancer

... with poor prognosis , since those tumor cells are less likely to go into apoptosis (programmed cell death) when damaged by therapy. There are more mutations ... , lymphoma or leukemia , have distinct properties: evading apoptosis unlimited growth potential (immortalitization) self-sufficiency of ...

Immune system

... strongly to an existing molecule in the body, it is destroyed by forced apoptosis , leaving behind T cells that can be safely released into the body. (This ... cell autoimmune disorders CD4 receptor /CD8 receptor / perforin / apoptosis /clonal selection immunosuppression immunosuppressive drug ...

Antigen

... I histocompatibility molecules . If cytotoxic CD8 + T cells recognize them, they begin to secrete different toxins that cause the lysis or apoptosis of the infected cell. In order to keep the cytotoxic cells from killing cells just for presenting normal proteins, they run through a test cycle ...

Cytotoxic T cell

... and eventually lyse . T C also release granzyme , a serine protease , that can enter target cells via the perforin-formed pore and induce apoptosis (cell death). Most T C cells have present on the cell surface the protein CD8 , which is attracted to portions of the Class I MHC molecule. This ...

Developmental biology

... which could lead to the specific cloning of organs for medical purposes. Another biologically important process that occurs during development is apoptosis - cell "suicide". For this reason, many develpmental models are used to delucidate the physiology and molecular basis of this cellular process. ...

Homeostasis

... pituitary gland , which in turn is directed by the hypothalamus . See also Acclimatization Biological rhythm Metabolism apoptosis Aging Balance Self-organization Cybernetics ...

Hormone

... of the receiving tissue. Hormone actions vary widely, but can include stimulation or inhibition of growth, induction or suppression of apoptosis (programmed cell death), activation or inhibition of the immune system , regulating metabolism and preparation for a new activity (e.g. fighting, ...

Major histocompatibility complex

... It interacts exclusively with CD8+ T cells (also known as cytotoxic T cell lymphocytes or CTLs). The fate of a virus-infected cell is almost always apoptosis , or programmed cell death, initiated by the CD8+ T cell. This response seems like "killing the messenger," but the messenger in this case is ...

Mitochondrion

... organic materials into cellular energy in the form of ATP , mitochondria play an important role in many important metabolic tasks, such as: apoptosis Glutamate -mediated excitotoxic neuronal injury Cellular proliferation Regulation of the cellular redox state Heme synthesis ...

Mitochondrion

... organic materials into cellular energy in the form of ATP , mitochondria play an important role in many important metabolic tasks, such as: apoptosis Glutamate -mediated excitotoxic neuronal injury Cellular proliferation Regulation of the cellular redox state Heme synthesis ...

Oncogene

... ). Adaptor proteins in signal transduction . Transcription factors . Related articles Tumor suppressor gene apoptosis ...

Phosphorylation

... gene , which—when active—stimulates transcription of gene that suppress the cell cycle , even to the extent that it undergoes apoptosis . However, this activity should be limited to situations where the cell is damaged or physiology is disturbed. To this end, the p53 protein is ...

Tumor

... genes can eventually lead to tumors. Cells have mechanisms that repair DNA and other mechanisms that cause the cell to destroy itself by committing apoptosis if DNA damage gets too severe. Mutations that repress the genes for these mechanisms can also eventually lead to cancer. A mutation in one oncogen ...