antibiotics

Virus

...ptoms of viral infections. Patients often ask for antibiotics , which are useless against viruses, and their misuse against viral infections is one of the causes of antibiotic resistance in bacteria . That said, sometimes the prudent course of action is to begin a course of antibiotic treatment while waiting...

Plasmid

...contain genes that can build a resistance against antibiotics or poisons . Historically known as R-factors, be...is is typically a protein which can break down any antibiotics that would otherwise kill the cell. As a result, only the bacteria with antibiotic resistance can su...

Phage

...in the former Soviet Union as an alternative to antibiotics for treating bacterial infections—because killing bacteria is what phages do best. There is an extensive library of research into specific phages and their therapeutic uses in the Tbilisi Institute in Georgia . The development of bacterial ...

Nutrition

...eases, micro-organisms and how to fight them with antibiotics , and other health developments. A hidden epidemic...ds (see also organic farming )? Are the use of antibiotics and hormones in animal farming ethical and/or safe? Sociological issues: How do we minimis...

Mycology

...haromyces pombe . Many fungi produce toxins , antibiotics , and other secondary metabolites . For example, the cosmopolitian (worldwide) genus Fusarium and their toxins associated with fatal outbreaks of alimentary toxic aleukia in humans were extensively studied by Abraham Joffe . Also, fungi are fund...

Antibiotic resistance

...es 2 Resistant pathogens 3 Alternatives to antibiotics 3.1 Prevention 3.2 Vaccines 3.3 Phage the...rganisms which develop. Overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics , such as second and third generation cephalosporins , greatly hastens the development of methicill...

Microevolution

...acterial strains that have become resistant to antibiotics . Because microevolution can be observed directly, both pro-evolution and some anti-evolution groups agree that it is a fact of life. See also Speciation , Molecular evolution , Population genetics...

Microbiology

...roduced vary widely, some of them are for example antibiotics . Many microbes exploit energy by the process of anaerobic fermentation, in which different simple organic molecules are produced. This gave rise to the science of industrial fermentation . In this way it is possible to produce different antibiotic...

Bacterium

...s infected with the pathogens may be treated with antibiotics , which can be classified as bacteriocidal and bacteriostatic , which at concentrations that can be reached in bodily fluids either kill bacteria or hamper their growth, respectively. Antiseptic measures may be taken to prevent infection by bact...

Escherichia coli

...tal. However, E. coli are extremely sensitive to antibiotics such as streptomycin , so treatment with antibiotics is usually effective. Certain strains of E.coli are toxigenic (some produce a toxin very simila...

Blood

...tor concentrates. Many forms of medication (from antibiotics to chemotherapy ) are administered intravenously, as they are not readily or adequately absorbed by the digestive tract. As stated above, some diseases are still treated by removing blood from the circulation. Mythology and religion Due to its...

Biotechnology

...or the production of substances like insulin or antibiotics . It can also refer to transgenic animals or transgenic plants , such as Bt corn. Genetically altered Mammalian cells, such as Chinese Hamster ovarian cells, are also widely used to manufacture pharmaceuticals. Another promising new biotechnology...

Bacterium

...s infected with the pathogens may be treated with antibiotics , which can be classified as bacteriocidal and bacteriostatic , which at concentrations that can be reached in bodily fluids either kill bacteria or hamper their growth, respectively. Antiseptic measures may be taken to prevent infection by bact...

Antibiotic resistance

...es 2 Resistant pathogens 3 Alternatives to antibiotics 3.1 Prevention 3.2 Vaccines 3.3 Phage the...rganisms which develop. Overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics , such as second and third generation cephalosporins , greatly hastens the development of methicill...

Antibiotic

...ions, which included poisons such as strychnine , antibiotics were labelled "magic bullets": drugs which targe... and other nonbacterial infections, and individual antibiotics vary widely in their effectiveness on various types of bacteria. Some specific antibiotics (called "...

Amino acid

...ommon amino acids, which can be found in peptidic antibiotics (e.g. nisin or alamethicin ). Lanthionine is a sulfide-bridged alanine dimer which is found together with unsaturated amino acids in lantibiotics (antibiotic peptides of microbial origin). 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid ( ACC ) is a...

Alexander Fleming

...modern medicines by introducing the age of useful antibiotics . External link Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century profile on Alexander Fleming...