Anatomy
... and organization of living things; thus there is
animal anatomy ( zootomy ) and plant anatomy ( phytonomy ... comparative anatomy and human anatomy .
animal anatomy may include the study of the structure of ... when it is called comparative anatomy or
animal morphology , or it may be limited to ...
Animal
... they are definitely included. The name
animal comes from the Latin word animalis , of which ... develop by progressive growth. Also, unique to
animal cells are the following intercellular junctions: ... Lophotrochozoa include two of the most successful
animal phyla, the Mollusca and Annelida . The former ...
Biology
... of life
Schematic of typical
animal cell depicting the various organelles and ... been divided into plant physiology and
animal physiology but the principles of physiology are ... can also apply to human cells.
The field of
animal physiology extends the tools and methods of ...
Biodiversity
... come from plants in the tropical rainforests .
animal may also play a role, in particular in research. ... derived from various plant species. Supplies from
animal origin are wool , silk , fur , leather , ... in particular destruction of plant and
animal habitats.
An increasing number of studies ...
Centriole
... a hollow cylindrical organelle found in most
animal cells , and cells of fungi and algae though ... and the other end points slightly inwards.
In
animal cells as well as certain algae and fungi, there ... which the chromosomes are pulled apart. Some
animal cells may be able to separate without centrioles. ...
Charles Darwin
... relating to localities, earlier enquiries into
animal breeding, and ideas of Natural "laws of harmony". ... experiments with plants and consultations with
animal husbanders including pigeon fanciers and pig ... his theory. Experiments on seedlings and domestic
animal bones dominated, but when with his ill daughter ...
Warm-blooded
... A warm-blooded ( homeothermic )
animal is one that can keep its core body temperature ... it. When the core temperature of a warm blooded
animal does change, even by a few degrees, the
animal will rapidly lose its ability to function.
The ...
Foot and mouth disease
... Loeffler . He passed the blood of an infected
animal through a fine porcelain-glass filter and found ... to transport livestock. The clothes and skin of
animal handlers such as farmers, standing water, and ... scraps and feed supplements containing infected
animal products can harbor the virus as well. Cows can ...
Herbivore
... In zoology , an herbivore is an
animal that is adapted to eat primarily plants ... herbivores will eat eggs and occasionally other
animal protein..
Some herbivores can be classified as ... animals that are unable to chew or digest
animal matter.
Animals that are true herbivores
...
Human
... themselves as the most intelligent species in the
animal kingdom. Certainly, humans are the only ... ability to abstract may be unparalleled in the
animal kingdom. Human beings are one of four species to ... the mirror test — which tests whether an
animal recognizes its reflection as an image of itself ...
Konrad Lorenz
... translation in the two volumes titled Studies in
animal and Human Behaviour . Lorenz and Tinbergen ... Man's Eight Deadly Sins" ( 1974 )
"Studies in
animal and Human Behavior Vol I" ( 1970 )
"Studies in
animal and Human Behavior Vol II" ( 1971 )
"The ...
Animal
... they are definitely included. The name
animal comes from the Latin word animalis , of which ... develop by progressive growth. Also, unique to
animal cells are the following intercellular junctions: ... Lophotrochozoa include two of the most successful
animal phyla, the Mollusca and Annelida . The former ...
Molecular biology
... plasmid can be inserted into either bacterial or
animal cells. Introducing DNA into bacterial cells is ... Introducing DNA into eukaryotic cells, such as
animal cells, is called transfection. Several different ... by injecting small amounts of the protein into an
animal such as a mouse, rabbit, sheep, or donkey. These ...
Nutrition
... field must take into account the state of the
animal before ingestion and after digestion as well ... Are the use of antibiotics and hormones in
animal farming ethical and/or safe?
Sociological ... to promote healthy eating ?
How much meat and
animal products are appropriate in diet (see also ...
Physiology
... been divided into plant physiology and
animal physiology but the principles of physiology are ... can also apply to human cells.
The field of
animal physiology extends the tools and methods of human physiology to non-human
animal species . Plant physiology also borrows ...
Stem cell
... the cells, for example, mouse cells and other
animal cells. The nonhuman cell-surface sialic acid can ... existing human embryonic stem-cell lines to live
animal cells and serum risks contamination with ... as umbilical cord blood, placentas, and adult and
animal tissues. Some felt the restrictions should have ...
Thermoregulation
...
that the constant temperature of a warm-blooded
animal is maintained. Heat is lost to the body through ... the same constant bodily temperature, the smaller
animal must produce a relatively larger amount of heat. ... of heat.
But all the arrangements in the
animal economy for the production and loss of heat are ...
Virus
... genetics . Because of the complexity of an
animal cell genome, viruses have been even more important in studies of
animal cells than in studies of bacteria. Numerous studies have demonstrated the utility of
animal viruses as probes for investigating different ...
Zoology
... (since Darwin)
Zoology ( Greek zoon =
animal and logos = word) is the biological ... until today no one considers a study of
animal form of any value which does not include internal ... list of biologists
zootomy - the study of
animal anatomy ...
Bone
... formation , calcium metabolism , and mineral storage . The bones of an
animal are, collectively, known as the skeleton .
Evolutionary alternatives ... in Howship's lacunae .
Bone matrix
Bones consist of living
animal cells embedded in a calcium carbonate matrix that makes up the main bone ...
Blood
... 17:13); the reason given by the Torah is: "Because the soul of every
animal is [in] his blood" (ibid 17:14), although from its context in Leviticus ... injunction against deriving benefit from blood ("Because the soul of every
animal is [in] his blood", Leviticus 17:14). The religious movement maintains ...
Carnivore
... .
Animals that are true carnivores
A true carnivore is an
animal that subsists primarily on a diet consisting only of meat. They may consume other products presented to them, especially
animal products like cheese and bone marrow , or sweet sugary substances like ...
Common descent
... number found themselves constructed in such a manner that the parts of the
animal were able to satisfy its needs; in another infinitely greater number, ... - 1804), in his Kritik der Urtheilskraft , states that the analogy of
animal forms implies a common original type and thus a common parent.
In 1795 ...
Cytoplasm
... reticulums or the golgi apparatus ).
Differences between
animal and vegetal cytoplasm
While all cells possess a cytoplasm, cells from ... can differ widely in the characteristics of their cytoplasms. In the
animal kingdom , cytoplasm occupies nearly half the cell's volume while in ...
Insulin
... Several days after the dog's pancreas was removed, the Minkowski's
animal keeper noticed a swarm of flies feeding on the dog's urine. On testing the ... as a medication
Principles
Insulin is absolutely required for all
animal (including human) life. The mechanism is almost identical in nematode ...
Muller's ratchet
... offspring with good copies of two genes via crossover. That is, if one
animal has the deleterious mutation in one gene and the advantageous mutation in another, while another
animal has two normal copies of the gene, a mating of these animals can produce ...
Olfaction
...
1 How smell works
2 Olfaction in the
animal kingdom
3 References
4 External links
How smell works ... can taste very little when you have a blocked nose.
Olfaction in the
animal kingdom
The importance and sensitivity of smell varies among different ...
Protein
... the food may be very strong in a subset of the essential amino acids.
animal -derived foods contain all of those amino acids, while plants are ... because it appears to be the primitive or principle substance of
animal nutrition."
Investigation of proteins and their properties had ...
Sewall Wright
... outcome of evolution . He analogized natural selection to processes in
animal and plant breeding, and his work on population genetics theory greatly ... Lush , who did the pioneering work on use of quantitative genetics in
animal and plant breeding. He was born in Galesburg, Illinois . He took a ...
Sociobiology
... links
Sociobiological theory
Sociobiologists believe that
animal or human behaviour cannot be satifactorily explained entirely by " ... Many biologists accept that these sorts of behaviours are present in
animal species . However, there is a great deal of controversy over the ...
Albinism
... in animals
Albinism is not restricted to the human species—other animals also carry these genes. Albinism tends to be more hazardous in the
animal kingdom, where vision and pigmentation are usually strongly linked to survival. However, albino animals are often kept as pets, e.g. albino gerbils ....
Alfred Russel Wallace
... Descent of Man , often in strong disagreement.
Precursor of ecology, and awards
Wallace was the first to propose a "geography" of
animal species, and as such is considered one of the precursors of ecology and biogeography .
Awards
Among the many awards presented to Wallace ...
Antibiotic
... efficacy, such as the common cold or other viral complaints, and when they are used widely as prophylaxis rather than treatment (as in, for example,
animal feeds), because this exposes more bacteria to selection for resistance.
Beyond antibiotics
Unfortunately, the comparative ease of finding ...
Apoptosis
... research.
History and highlights in apoptosis research
Early research, and the "worm people" at Cambridge
Sydney Brenner 's studies on
animal development began in the late 1950s in what was to become the Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) in Cambridge, UK. It was at this lab that ...
Artificial life
... driver of alife research as the creators of movies attempt to find more realistic and inexpensive ways to animate natural forms such as plant life,
animal movement, hair growth, and complicated organic textures.
The Unit of Theoretical Behavioural Ecology at the Free University of Brussels applied ...
Biotechnology
... . The prokaryote model, E. coli , is used to produce insulin and other medicine, in human form. (About 5% of diabetics are allergic to
animal insulins available before)
1992 FDA approves of the first GM food from Calgene : "Flavr Savr" tomato
1999 Biotechnology program started at ...
Biophysics
... were initiated by scientists who were straight physicists, chemists, and biologists by training.
Topics in biophysics and related fields
animal locomotion
cellular biophysics
channels , receptors and transporters
electrophysiology
membranes
bioenergetics
muscle and ...
Botany
... structure ( anatomy ), or function ( physiology ) of plant life.
Historically, botanists studied all organisms that were not generally regarded as
animal . Some of these "plant-like" organisms include: fungi (studied in mycology ); bacteria and viruses (studied in microbiology ); and algae ...
Brain
... all animals. Post-mortem analyses of brains allow for the study of anatomy and protein expression patterns but can only be done after the human or
animal is dead.
Myths
The following are some common myths or misconceptions about the mind and brain, perpetuated through common or urban myths , ...
Centrosome
... of a cell where microtubules are manufactured. Its structure, since it acts as a nexus for cell activity, facilitates cell division .
In
animal cells, as well as those of certain algae and fungi, the centrosome is located close to the nucleus, and consists of a pair of centrioles arranged ...