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Agent in Biological Definition

Ames test

... The experimental cultures are exposed to the agent to be tested while the positive control cultures ... dishes is necessary. Occasionally a tested agent will be toxic enough to simply kill the bacterial ... from a rat. These enzymes can metabolize the agent being tested in order to predict the mutagenic ...

Vaccine

... derives from vaccinia , the infectious viral agent of cowpox , which, when administered to humans, ... them. When the virulent version of an agent comes along, the immune system is thus prepared to respond, by (1) neutralizing the target agent before it can enter cells, and (2) by recognizing ...

Homunculus

... sense of an unknowable prime actor, it can be viewed as an entity or agent . The term appears to have been first used by the alchemist ... repetitive cycle or 'regress': "According to the legend, whenever an agent does anything intelligently, his act is preceded and steered by another ...

Mutagen

... In biology , a mutagen ( Latin , literally origin of change ) is an agent that changes the genetic information (usually DNA ) of an organism and ... radiation . The Ames test is one method to determine how mutagenic an agent is. See also DNA repair Genetics Teratogen ...

Nutrition

... Underlying this research was the hypothesis that oxidative damage was the agent which accelerated aging, and that aging was retarded when the amount of ... fatty tissue. (Bluher et al, 2003) In effect, it is now thought that the agent which increases longevity is leanness in animals, and that it is the ...

Prion

... prion hypothesis was developed to explain why the mysterious infectious agent causing Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease resisted ultraviolet radiation (which ... A breakthrough occurred when researchers discovered that the infectious agent consisted mainly of a specific protein, which Prusiner called PrP (an ...

Affinity chromatography

... for nickel ions which are covalently bound to NTA for the purposes of solid medium entrapment [ [1] ]. For elution purposes a nickel chelating agent is used. GST has an affinity for glutathione (commercially available as glutathione sepharose ). For elution purposes glutathione is used. ...

Antibiotic resistance

... infections in the US are resistant to penicillin, methicillin, tetracycline and erythromycin . This left vancomycin as the only effective agent available at the time. However, VRSA ( Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ) was first identified in Japan in 1997 and has since been found ...

Artificial life

... chemical solution. Its researchers try instead to mimic life processes to understand the appearance of single phenomena. The usual way is through an agent based model , which usually gives a minimal possible solution. That is: "we don't know what in nature generates this phenomenon, but it could be ...

Avian influenza

... 3 Prevention and treatment 4 Increasing virulence 5 Symptoms 6 References 7 External links Infection The causative agent is the avian influenza (AI) virus . AI viruses all belong to the influenza virus A genus of the Orthomyxoviridae family and are ...

Photosynthesis

... In photosystem II, they are used to drive the reaction NADP + + H + + 2e − → NADPH The NADPH is the main reducing agent in cells, providing a source of energetic electrons to other reactions. This leaves chlorophyll with a deficit of electrons, which must be obtained ...

Human

... and law between the notions "human being," or "man," and "person". The former refers to the species, while the latter refers to a rational agent : see, for example, John Locke 's Essay concerning Human Understanding II 27 and Immanuel Kant 's Introduction to the Metaphysic of Morals . The ...

Life

... organism, which actively helps reproduce and/or protect the replicator(s), has evolved Stuart Kauffman 's definition of life as an autonomous agent or a multi-agent system capable of reproducing itself or themselves, and of completing at least one thermodynamic work cycle Robert Pirsig 's ...

Malaria

... disease. The scientists will lead a 17m European consortium of malaria researchers [2] . It is hoped that the genome sequence of the most deadly agent of malaria, Plasmodium falciparum , which was completed in 2002 , will provide targets for new drugs or vaccines. Efforts to eradicate malaria ...

Antibiotic resistance

... infections in the US are resistant to penicillin, methicillin, tetracycline and erythromycin . This left vancomycin as the only effective agent available at the time. However, VRSA ( Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ) was first identified in Japan in 1997 and has since been found ...

Magnetic resonance imaging

... abdominal aorta, and the kidneys. A variety of techniques can be used to generate the pictures, such as administration of a paramagnetic contrast agent (such as gadolinium) or using a technique known as "flow-related enhancement" (e.g. 2D and 3D time-of-flight sequences), where the only signal on an ...

Photosynthesis

... In photosystem II, they are used to drive the reaction NADP + + H + + 2e − → NADPH The NADPH is the main reducing agent in cells, providing a source of energetic electrons to other reactions. This leaves chlorophyll with a deficit of electrons, which must be obtained ...

Tubulin

... a role in forming the mitotic spindle during mitosis. Pharmacology Tubulins are targets for anticancer drugs like taxol . The anti- gout agent colchicine binds to tubulin and inhibits microtubule formation, arresting neutrophil motility and decreasing inflammation . ...

Virus

... link between cancer and an infective agent. There is current controversy over whether borna virus , previously thought of primarily as the causative agent of neurological disease in horses, could be responsible for psychiatric illness in humans. The relative ability of viruses to cause disease is ...
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