Muscle
... such as the intestines , throat and blood
vessels .
The differences in characteristics of ... it controls erection of body hair) to the blood
vessels and digestive tract (in which it controls the ... in a large number of diseases affecting blood
vessels , the respiratory tract (e.g. asthma ), the ...
Skin
... basement membrane . It contains no blood
vessels , and is nourished by diffusion from the dermis. ... to an arteriole and a venule. Arterial shunt
vessels may bypass the network in ears, the nose and ... and muscle as well as supplying it with blood
vessels and nerves. It is made up of loose connective ...
Blood
... when skin is removed and are seen directly.
Blood moves in blood
vessels and is circulated by the heart , a muscular pump. It passes to the ... by the arteries . It diffuses its oxygen by passing through tiny blood
vessels called capillaries . It then returns to the heart through the veins ...
Kidney
... opening in the middle of the concave medial border for nerves and blood
vessels to pass into the renal sinus.
renal column : The structures which support the cortex. They consist of lines of blood
vessels and urinary tubes and a fibrous material.
renal sinus : The cavity ...
Louis Pasteur
... not due to spontaneous generation .
He exposed boiled broths to air in
vessels that contained a filter to prevent all particles from passing through to the growth medium and even in
vessels with no filter at all, with air being admitted via a long tortuous tube ...
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
... microscope he was the first to observe and describe muscle fibres, bacteria , spermatozoa and blood flow in capillaries (small blood
vessels ).
His name at birth was Thonis Philipszoon . His letters were signed Antoni van Leeuwenhoek . He was probably known as van Leeuwenhoek from a ...
Brain
... of death. Often in these cases, more damage is caused by swelling, or edema , than by the impact itself. Stroke , caused by blockage of blood
vessels in the brain, is another major cause of death and brain damage.
Other problems in the brain can be more accurately classified as diseases than ...
Cancer
... mutations remove additional barriers, extending the number of times a cell can divide. Other mutations enable the tumor to grow new blood
vessels to feed it, or to detach from the surrounding tissue, spreading to other parts of the body.
Malignant tumors cells, such as in carcinoma , ...
Cartilage
... is composed of cells called chondrocytes which are dispersed in a firm gel-like ground substance, called the matrix. Cartilage contains no blood
vessels and nutrients are diffused through the matrix. Cartilage is found in the joints, the rib cage , the ear , the nose , in the throat and between ...
Computed axial tomography
... procedures. Sometimes contrast materials such as intravenous iodinated contrast is used. This is useful to highlight structures such as blood
vessels that otherwise would be difficult to delineate from their surroundings. Using contrast material can also help to obtain functional information about ...
Cold-blooded
... the sand during the day.
Insects that warm their flight muscles by vibrating them in place.
Dilating or constricting peripheral blood
vessels to adapt more or less quickly to the ambient temperature.
Many homeothermic , or warm-blooded, animals also make use of these techniques at ...
Immunology
... organs that would later prove to be part of the immune system. The key organs of the immune system are thymus , spleen , bone marrow , lymph
vessels , lymph nodes and secondary lymphatic tissues such as tonsils and adenoids ) and skin . The major organs, the thymus and spleen, are examined ...
Joint
... which nourishes and lubricates the articular cartilage. The synovium is separated from the capsule by a layer of celluar tissue that contains blood
vessels and nerves.
Synovial joints can be further grouped by their shape, which controls the movement they allow:
Gliding joints , such as in the ...
Marfan syndrome
... Marfan syndrome is a connective tissue disorder, affecting many structures, including the skeleton , lungs , eyes , heart and blood
vessels . It is named for the French pediatrician Antoine Marfan , who first described it in 1896 . The disease is characterized by unusually long ...
Osmoregulation
... of Henle (loop of the nephron) in the medulla portion of the kidney.
reabsorption - most of the viscous glomerular filtrate is returned to blood
vessels which surround the convoluted tubules.
secretion - the remaining fluid becomes urine which travels down collecting ducts to the medullary region of ...
Signal transduction
... NO is toxic, and is thought to be responsible for some damage after a stroke . NO serves three main functions:
Relaxation of blood
vessels .
Regulation of exocytosis of neurotransmitters .
Cellular immune response .
Research questions
When considering signal ...
Stem cell
... and fat-cells. These were found in the dermis , the inner layer of the skin. These stem cells play a pivotal role in healing small cuts. Blood
vessels , the dental pulp, the digestive epithelium , the retina , liver and even the brain are all said to contain stem cells.
Adipose derived ...
Thermoregulation
... - evaporative cooling occurs when water (often from perspiration) leaves the skin surface as a gas, lowering the body temperature by cooling blood
vessels in the dermis.
radiation - e.g. acquisition of heat from solar radiation (e.g. snakes "sunning" on a cold day).
Types of thermoregulation
...
Twin
... usually also share the placental blood supply. In rare cases, blood passes disproportionately from one twin to the other through connecting blood
vessels within their shared placenta, leading to twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome .
Monozygotic twins are genetically identical unless there has been a ...
Xylem
... elements are usually wider, shorter, thinner walled, and less tapered than tracheids . They are aligned end to end, forming long micropipes, the
vessels of xylem. The end walls of vessel elements are perforated, enabling water to flow through vessels.
Xylem cells are also known as tracheary elements ...