Biodiversity

... While most of the species that are becoming extinct are not food species, their biomass is converted into human food when their habitat is transformed into pasture , cropland and orchards . It is estimated that more than 40% of the Earth's biomass is tied up in only the few species that ...

Cartilage

... can produce collagen fibers while the inner layer contains undifferentiated or osteogenic cells capable of forming chondrocytes. If cartilage is transformed to bone, the perichondrium becomes the periosteum. Growth / Development Chondrification Most of the skeletal system is derived from ...

DNA

... merely by making the killed "smooth" (S) form available to the live "rough" (R) form. Quite unexpectedly, the living R Pneumococcus bacteria were transformed into a new strain of the S form, and the transferred S characteristics turned out to be heritable. In 1944 , the renowned physicist, Erwin ...

Electrical energy

... Q situated at the electric potential V equals to the product QV . If V is a potential difference , the same expression gives the energy transformed when the charge moves through the potential difference. Electrical energy is also identical to the electromagnetic fields surrounding a ...

Evolution

... structure of DNA, based on the research of Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins . These developments ignited the era of molecular biology and transformed the understanding of evolution into a molecular process: the mutation of segments of DNA (see molecular evolution ). In the mid- 1970s , Motoo ...

HeLa

... Lane", in order to preserve Lacks's anonymity. The cells proliferate abnormally rapidly, even compared to other cancers. HeLa cells have been transformed by human papillomavirus 18 (HPV18), and have different properties from normal cervical cells. They are used as model cancer cells and for ...

Insulin

... Chain A consists of 21, and chain B of 30 amino acids. Insulin is produced as a prohormone molecule – proinsulin – that is later transformed by proteolytic action into the active hormone. The remaining part is called C-peptide . This polypeptide is released into the blood in equal ...

Lambda phage

... of lambda phages is controlled by cI and Cro proteins. The lambda phage will remain in the lysogenic state if cI proteins predominate, but will be transformed into the lytic cycle if cro proteins predominate. The cI dimer may bind to any of three operators, OR1, OR2, and OR3, in the order OR1 > OR2 > ...

Magnetic resonance imaging

... the spatial frequency weighting in two or three dimensions of a real space object as sampled by MRI. The information is subsequently inverse Fourier transformed by a computer into real space to obtain the desired image. Detailed anatomical information results. Typical medical resolution is about 1 mm 3 , ...

Population genetics

... terms it) whereby variables in the equations of one domain, are considered parameters or constants , where, in a full-treatment they would be transformed themselves by the evolutionary process and are in reality functions of the state variables in the other domain. The "sleight of hand" is assuming ...

Transformation

... will continue to divide without limit. Normal cells can divide only a certain number of times before they will stop dividing. Cells that have been transformed no longer have such a limit (for example, cancer cells) are able to grow and divide potentially forever. In mathematics , a transformation ...