Blood

... different species 1.1 Humans 1.2 Small invertebrates 1.3 Insects 2 Anatomy of blood 3 ... maintain a pH between 7.35 and 7.45. Small invertebrates In some small invertebrates like insects , oxygen is simply dissolved in ...

Endosymbiont

... in marine oligochaetes 2 Bacterial endosymbionts in other marine invertebrates 3 Symbiodinium dinoflagellate endosymbionts in marine metazoa and ... gut, mouth or nephridia). Bacterial endosymbionts in other marine invertebrates Extracellular endosymbionts are also represented in all 5 extant ...

Endosymbiont

... in marine oligochaetes 2 Bacterial endosymbionts in other marine invertebrates 3 Symbiodinium dinoflagellate endosymbionts in marine metazoa and ... gut, mouth or nephridia). Bacterial endosymbionts in other marine invertebrates Extracellular endosymbionts are also represented in all 5 extant ...

Reproduction

... creates a genetically similar copy of itself without the combination of genetic material with another individual. For example, the Hydra ( invertebrates of the order Hydroidea ) and yeast are able to reproduce by budding . These organisms do not have different sexes, and they are capable of ...

Brain

... other neurons in the brain and throughout the body by sending various chemicals called neurotransmitters across gaps known as synapses . Small invertebrates such as insects may have a million neurons in the brain, larger vertebrate brains have over one hundred billion neurons. The human brain is ...

Carnivore

... There are also several species of carnivorous plants , though most are primarily insectivorous , some digest nematodes and other small invertebrates . Many dinosaurs and other extinct animals were carnivores, for example the well known Tyrannosaurus rex and sabretooth tiger . See ...

Cell growth

... neuron onto other cells. For example, the size of motoneurons usually reflects the size of the motor unit that is controlled by the motoneuron. invertebrates often have giant neurons and axons that provide special functions such as rapid action potential propagation. Mammals also use this trick for ...

Cladistics

... For instance, the traditional class Reptilia excludes birds even though they evolved from the ancestral reptile. Similarly, the traditional invertebrates are paraphyletic because Vertebrates are excluded, although the latter evolved from an Invertebrate. A group with members from separate ...

Ecdysone

... (ecdysone and its homologues) are generally called ecdysteroids . Ecdysteroids act as moulting hormones of arthropods but also occur in other invertebrates where they can play different role. Ecdysteroids also appear in many plants mostly as a protection agents (toxins or antifeedants) against herbivore ...

Epidermis

... covering the leaves and young parts of a plant is the epidermis . In vertebrates , epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin . In invertebrates , the outermost layer of cells of the organism. Etymology : 17th Century, via Late Latin from Greek , from epi- (upon) and derma (skin) ...

Hermaphrodite

... at some point during their lives. In many species, hermaphroditism is a normal part of the life-cycle. Generally, hermaphroditism occurs in the invertebrates , although it occurs in a fair number of fish , and to a lesser degree in other vertebrates. See below for use of the term in plants . Note: ...

Homeobox

... in a developing fetus or larva . Mutations in any one of these genes can lead to the growth of extra, typically non-functional body parts in invertebrates , but usually results in spontaneous abortion in vertebrates . Pit-1 homeobox-containing protein bound to DNA The homeobox genes ...

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

... for him to be appointed to the Musum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris . After years working on plants, Lamarck was appointed curator of invertebrates -- another term he coined. He began a series of public lectures. Before 1800 , he was an essentialist who believed species were unchanging. ...

Parthenogenesis

... of an embryo or seed without fertilization by a male . Parthenogenesis occurs naturally in some lower plants (called agamospermy ), invertebrates (e.g. water fleas , aphids ) and some vertebrates (e.g. lizards , salamanders , some fish , and even turkeys ). Parthenogenetic populations ...

Reproduction

... creates a genetically similar copy of itself without the combination of genetic material with another individual. For example, the Hydra ( invertebrates of the order Hydroidea ) and yeast are able to reproduce by budding . These organisms do not have different sexes, and they are capable of ...

Speciation

... in mating lead one subpopulation to become reproductively isolated from the other. Many examples of this kind of speciation are found in the invertebrates , especially the insects . Polyploidy is also a very common cause of sympatric speciation. Polyploidy is seen as a mode of speciation in many ...