Allostery

... dictates that molecules of substrate bind via an induced fit protocol. Namely, when a subunit randomly ... forms a glove around its substrate. While such an induced fit converts a subunit from the tensed to relaxed ... conformation molecules of substrate bind via induced fit protocol conformational changes are not ...

Allostery

... dictates that molecules of substrate bind via an induced fit protocol. Namely, when a subunit randomly ... forms a glove around its substrate. While such an induced fit converts a subunit from the tensed to relaxed ... conformation molecules of substrate bind via induced fit protocol conformational changes are not ...

Long-term potentiation

... hours to days and months in vivo ). LTP can be induced experimentally by applying a sequence of short, ... taken from both groups of rats, LTP was easily induced in controls, but could not be induced in the brains of APV-treated rats. This provided ...

Active site

... the enzyme-substrate complex rather than the free enzyme. Models There are several models of how enzymes work. The lock and key model and the induced fit model whereby the active site binds and encloses the substrate molecule. Often enzymes bond to their substrate by Van der Waals forces or ...

Antibiotic resistance

... natural defenses, while an antibiotic operates separately from the body's normal defenses. Nevertheless, new strains may evolve that escape immunity induced by vaccines. While theoretically promising, anti-staphylococcal vaccines have shown limited efficacy, because of immunological variation between ...

Apoptosis

... the apoptotic process. But before we go on to a short description of how SMAC is released, lets take a look at two well-studied extrinsically induced apoptotic processes: the TNF and the Fas pathways. Keep in mind, however, that both activating and inhibiting factors are present at each step of ...

Bone

... of bone. Bone Lining Cells (BLCs) share a common lineage with osteogenesis (bone forming) cells. They function as a barrier for certain ions, induced osteogenetic cells. They are flattened, mononucleate cells which line bone Osteocytes originate from osteoblasts which have migrated into and ...

Diabetes mellitus

... and Charles Herbert Best repeated the work of Von Mering and Minkowski but went a step further and managed to show that they could reverse the induced diabetes in dogs by giving them an extract from the pancreatic islets of Langerhans of healthy dogs 8 . They went on to isolate the hormone insulin ...

Morphogenesis

... an embryonic stage in their life cycle, or to refer to the evolution of a body structure within a taxonomic group . Morphogenetic responses may be induced in organisms by hormones , or by environmental chemicals ranging from substances produced by other organisms to toxic chemicals or radionuclides ...

Ewens's sampling formula

... = 0, the probability is 1 that all n genes are the same. When θ = 1 , then the distribution is precisely that of the integer partition induced by a uniformly distributed random permutation . As the probability that no two of the n genes are the same approaches 1. This family of ...

Morphogenesis

... an embryonic stage in their life cycle, or to refer to the evolution of a body structure within a taxonomic group . Morphogenetic responses may be induced in organisms by hormones , or by environmental chemicals ranging from substances produced by other organisms to toxic chemicals or radionuclides ...

Antibiotic resistance

... natural defenses, while an antibiotic operates separately from the body's normal defenses. Nevertheless, new strains may evolve that escape immunity induced by vaccines. While theoretically promising, anti-staphylococcal vaccines have shown limited efficacy, because of immunological variation between ...

Neural tube

... the prosencephalon . Formation of the neural tube is the result of an invagination of the ectoderm following gastrulation . This process is induced by signaling molecules produced in the notochord and basal plate . Neural tube defects Normally the closure of the neural tube occurs around ...

Plasmid

... containing a plasmid harboring the gene of interest. Just as the bacteria produces proteins to confer its antibiotic resistance, it can also be induced to produce large amounts of proteins from the inserted gene. This is a cheap and easy way of mass-producing a gene or the protein it then codes ...

Plasmolysis

... to an area of lower water concentration outside the cell. It is unlikely to occur in nature, except in severe conditions. Plasmolysis is induced in the laboratory by immersing a plant cell in a strongly saline (salty) or sugary solution , so that water is lost by osmosis . If onion ...

Stem cell

... Researchers at Columbia-Presbyterian found that injecting bone-marrow stem cells, a form of adult stem cells, into mice which had had heart attacks induced resulted in an improvement of 33 percent in the functioning of the heart. The damaged tissue had regrown by 68 percent. Human hearts repaired ...