Active transport
... One of these species is allowed to flow from
high to low concentration, which yields the entropic ... other solute from a low concentration region to a
high one. An example is the sodium-calcium exchanger ... also uses the flow of one solute species from
high to low concentration to move another molecule ...
Cancer
... tissue, especially those tissues that have a
high replacement rate (e.g. intestinal lining). These ... more or less at random. Cells that divide at a
high rate, such as epithelials , show a higher risk ... mutations or polymorphisms that put them at
high risk of cancer. Meanwhile, genetic testing for ...
Chromatography
... metal ion affinity chromatography
8
high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
... is increased to produce later fractions.
high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
Modern HPLC systems are highly automated
high performance liquid chromatography , frequently ...
Culture
... goods and activities such as haute cuisine ,
high fashion or haute couture , museum -caliber ... often defended (or criticized) elements of
high culture for repressing " human nature ".
Some ... by, non-elite people or the masses . Both
high and low cultures can be viewed as subcultures .
...
Diabetes mellitus
... maintaining a stable body weight, controlling
high blood pressure and having regular exercise .
... liver and muscles. The net effect is persistent
high levels of blood glucose, poor protein synthesis, ... because of osmotic effects — sufficiently
high glucose (above the ' renal threshold ') in the ...
Nutrition
... arise through cell metabolism malfunction, and
high energy levels can promote health through frequent ... may be added or produced through processing and
high temperature cooking. Also processing can replace ... on the choice of lifestyle. Athletes may need
high levels of protein and energy to ...
Osmosis
... of low solute concentration to a region of
high solute concentration. The semipermeable membrane ... can be seen in red blood cells. These contain a
high concentration of solutes including salts and ... in solution, water rushes in to the area of
high solute concentration, bursting the cell.
Many ...
Polymerase chain reaction
... from these organisms is thermostable (stable at
high temperatures) and, when used in PCR, did not ... Pfu are available nowadays that provide both
high fidelity and accurate amplification of DNA.
... PCR product in low concentration (lane 2), and
high concentration (lane 3). Image published with ...
Thermoregulation
... of the temperature of the latter. Those animals
high in the scale of evolution, as birds and mammals, have a
high temperature almost constant and independent of ... Because the extremities are not insulated well,
high temperature in feet and hooves is hard to ...
Alcohol
... "wood alcohol". It is now a cheap commodity chemical produced by the
high pressure reaction of carbon monoxide with hydrogen . In common usage, ... of distilled crude oil . Uses a catalyst of phosphoric acid under
high temperature and pressure.
Methanol is manufactured from synthesis ...
Antibody
... are all in the gamma region. In some disease states ( myeloma ) a very
high concentration of one particular immunoglobulin will show up as a ... as a secretory immunoglobulin. Due to its polymeric nature, IgM possesses
high avidity, and is particularly effective at complement activation. It is ...
Biodiversity
... itself or to recover from damage or disturbance. Just like a species with
high genetic diversity , an ecosystem with
high biodiversity may have a greater chance of adapting to environmental ...
Biomechanics
... muscle can develop a sustained condition known as tetany through
high frequency stimulation, resulting in overlapping twitches and a phenomenon known as wave summation. At a sufficiently
high frequency, tetany occurs, and the contracticle force appears constant ...
Bone
... chemical arrangement termed calcium hydroxyapatite), which has relatively
high compressive strength though poor tensile strength . While bone is ... Cancellous bone is trabecular (honeycomb structure), it has a relatively
high surface area, but forms a smaller portion of the skeleton.
Bone can also ...
C4 carbon fixation
... possessing the more common C3 pathway under the conditions of drought,
high temperatures and nitrogen limitation. The C 4 cycle allows for a spacial ... process in which organic material and energy is lost from the plant due to
high concentrations of oxygen. It is called "C 4 " because the product, ...
Chemiosmotic hypothesis
... view was that the energy of electron transfer was stored as a stable
high potential intermediate, a chemically more conservative concept.
The problem with the older paradigm is that no
high energy intermediate was ever found, and the evidence for proton pumping by ...
Dialysis
... the fluid are all that is needed. The main consideration is the very
high potential for infection with an open catheter; peritonitis is a common ... to an arm or leg vein to make it more robust, and therefore usable for
high capacity blood movement required by dialysis) this means inserting two ...
Diffusion
...
Photon diffusion
When photons travel through a material with a
high optical depth and a very short mean free path , their behavior is ... results in transport down the gradient -- i.e. things move from regions of
high concentration to low concentration. However, this is not always the case: ...
Eugenics
... Man, like every other animal, has no doubt advanced to his present
high condition through a struggle for existence consequent on his rapid ... interests (promoting "healthy marriages" between "fit" couples).
high school and college textbooks from the 1920s through the 1940s frequently ...
Fitness landscape
... opens a path to a new, higher fitness peak. Note, however, that at
high mutation rates this picture is somewhat simplistic. A population may not ... truck), which is called the fitness function or fitness landscape . A
high f(s) implies that s is a good solution. In the case of the delivery ...
Hepatitis B
... prevalence areas, the disease is predominantly spread among children. In
high prevalence countries, such as China, vertical transmission is most common. ... the infection to her offspring at the time of birth. This risk is as
high as 90% if the mother is also positive for the Hepatitis B e antigen.
...
Insulin
... blood. This is the clinical action of insulin which is useful in reducing
high blood glucose levels in diabetes.
increased fatty acid synthesis ... glucose levels (ie, on average, both over days and weeks, and avoiding too
high peaks after meals) the rate of diabetic complications goes down. If ...
Kidney
... Azotemia is a toxic condition characterized by abnormal and dangerously
high levels of urea, creatinine, various body waste compounds, and other ... of the nephrotic syndrome include swelling, low serum albumin, and
high cholesterol.
kidney tumors
Wilms tumor
Renal cell carcinoma
...
Kwashiorkor
... milk. When the child is weaned, if the diet that replaces the milk is
high in starches and carbohydrates , and deficient in protein (as is common ... adding food energy and protein to the diet; however, mortality can be as
high as 60% and it can have a long-term impact on a child's physical growth ...
Lichen
... the sole vegetation in some extreme environments such as found at
high mountain elevations and at
high latitudes. Some survive in the tough conditions of deserts, and others on ...
Macromolecule
... A macromolecule is a molecule of
high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the ... will denature if the solute concentration of their solution is too
high or too low.
According to IUPAC recommendations the term macromolecule ...
Microsatellite
... The hypervariability arises because the repeated simple sequences cause a
high frequency of loss or insertion of additional repeats by confusing the DNA ... may be damaged, microsatellites may be gained or lost at an especially
high frequency during each round of mitosis . Hence a tumour cell line might ...
Molecular biology
... factors, are available to help express the protein of interest at
high levels. Large quantities of a protein can then be extracted from the ... is then eluted from the matrix, usually by adding a solution with a
high salt concentration, or by varying the pH of the solution in which the ...
Magnetic resonance imaging
... injury, or failure of an implanted device.
As a result of the very
high strength of the magnetic field needed to produce scans (frequently up to ... of current research. The BOLD effect also allows for the generation of
high resolution 3D maps of the venous vasculature within neural tissue.
...
Outbreak
... occur when a virus bypasses infection control measures and a relatively
high number of infections are observed where no cases or sporadic cases ... (regular cases often occurring in a region), epidemic (an unusually
high number of cases in a region), or pandemic (a global epidemic).
Major ...
Photon
...
A photon is usually given the symbol γ ( gamma ), although in
high energy physics this refers to a
high energy photon (a gamma ray ; a photon of the immediately lower energy ...
Rudolf Steiner
... Steiner remains unknown by many and rejected by others.
The
high regard in which Steiner is held within the Anthroposopical movement, which ... significantly higher than German public school graduates on the Abitur, a
high school graduate exam widely administered in Germany. The significance of ...
Thomas Malthus
... influence of Malthus's theory of population was very great. Previously,
high fertility had been considered an economic plus since it increased the ... from a new perspective and convinced most economists that even though
high fertility might increase the gross output it tended to reduce output per ...
Optical spectrum
... utilises high-dispersion diffraction gratings to observe spectra at very
high spectral resolutions. The first exoplanets to be discovered were found by analysing the doppler shift of stars at such
high resolution that variations in their radial velocity as small as a few ...
Albinism
... was the most famous resident of the Parc Zoolgic de Barcelona .
Cats can carry genetic albinism, resulting in white fur and blue eyes. A
high percentage of albino cats are also deaf.
Albino frogs and fish are found in the wild, and can sometimes be found for sale in pet shops. The lack of ...
Alga
... distinctive habitats. Microscopic forms, called phytoplankton , provide the food base for marine food chains . Phytoplankton can be present in
high densities, called algal blooms , which might be visible as a discoloration of the water. Some algae, especially the seaweeds, are used as human ...
Antibiotic
... resisted at least one antibiotic. In certain settings, such as hospitals and some child-care locations, the rate of antibiotic resistance is so
high that the normal, low cost antibiotics are virtually useless for treatment of frequently seen infections. This leads to more frequent use of newer and ...
Apoptosis
... T cells, are committed to programmed cell death. The survivors are tested as well for potentially damaging autoimmune reactions, and those that show
high affinity to healthy self antigen are killed via apoptosis.
Be aware that the above paragraphs present a highly simplified picture: the actual ...
Archaea
... on rRNA data, showing the separation of bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes.
Habitats
Many archaeans are extremophiles . Some live at very
high temperatures, often above 100°C, as found in geysers and black smokers . Others are found in very cold habitats or in highly saline , ...
ATPase
... preferred direction of movement—that is, from the side of the membrane where they are in low concentration to the side where they are in
high concentration. This process is considered active transport .
ATP synthetase
The ATP synthetase (or ATP synthase ) of mitochondria and ...