Blood
... phlegm , yellow bile and black bile ). As many
diseases were thought to be due to an excess of blood, ... the blood.
Pathology
See also blood
diseases
Problems with blood circulation and ... (e.g. during surgery), as well as certain blood
diseases like anemia and thalassemia , can require ...
Brain
... in the brain can be more accurately classified as
diseases than injuries. Neurodegenerative
diseases , such as Alzheimer's disease , Parkinson's ... abilities. Currently, only the symptoms of these
diseases can be treated, but stem cell research may ...
Cartilage
...
5 Cartilage in fetal development
6
diseases / Medicine
7 See also
8 External links ... which is not substantiated by research.
diseases / Medicine
There are several
diseases which can affect the cartilage. ...
Diabetes mellitus
... and perhaps the top 5, of the most significant
diseases in the developed world, and is gaining in ... (NIDDM). It may be caused by a number of
diseases , such as hemochromatosis and polycystic ovary ... related insulin resistance.
Type 3C:
diseases of the pancreas.
Type 3D: caused by hormonal ...
Gene therapy
... tissues to treat a disease , and hereditary
diseases in particular.
Gene therapy typically aims to ... genes straight into human cells, focusing on
diseases caused by single-gene defects, such as cystic ... individual.
This technique is best used for
diseases where the desired cells can be extracted easily, ...
Immunology
... system in immunological disorders ( autoimmune
diseases , hypersensitivities , immune deficiency , ... immunology
Clinical immunology is the study of
diseases caused by the immune system and
diseases of the immune system from a medical perspective. ...
Kidney
... . The medical field that studies the kidneys and
diseases affecting the kidney is called nephrology .
...
1.5 Terms
2 Renal functions
3
diseases and disorders
3.1 Congenital
diseases of the kidneys
3.2 ...
Liver
... Fetal blood supply
2 Physiology
3
diseases of the liver
4 Liver transplantation
5 ... reach of science in the foreseeable future.
diseases of the liver
Many
diseases of the liver are accompanied by jaundice caused ...
Louis Pasteur
... or oxygen .
Immunology
His later work on
diseases included work on chicken cholera . During this ... and Pasteur gave these artificially weakened
diseases the generic name of vaccines , to honour ... eventually leading to the eradication of the
diseases typhus and polio as threats. Pasteurization ...
Muscle
... electrical activity in muscles).
Neuromuscular
diseases are those that affect the muscles and/or their ... disease to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease .
diseases of the motor end plate include myasthenia gravis ... tone, respectively.
The myopathies are all
diseases affecting the muscle itself, rather than its ...
Polymerase chain reaction
... of tasks, such as the detection of hereditary
diseases , the identification of genetic fingerprints , the diagnosis of infectious
diseases , the cloning of genes , and paternity ... Paternity testing
4.3 Detection of hereditary
diseases
4.4 Cloning genes
4.5 Mutagenesis
4.6 ...
Prion
... number of previously known but little-understood
diseases generally classified under transmissible spongiform encephalopathy
diseases (TSEs) , including scrapie (a disease of sheep ... encephalopathy (mad cow disease). These
diseases affect the structure of brain tissue and are ...
Promoter
... 2.2 Eukaryotic promoters
3 Binding
4
diseases Associated with Aberrant Promoter Function
... K = 10E7
RP(closed) RP(open). K = 10E-2
diseases Associated with Aberrant Promoter Function
... gene sequence and susceptibility to hundreds of
diseases , it requires a sophisticated search strategy to ...
Stem cell
... being used in treatments for over one hundred
diseases and conditions. They are more accurately called ... This could lead to new treatments and cures for
diseases like Lou Gehrig's disease , muscular dystrophy ... cells have successfully treated over one hundred
diseases and conditions. Opponents of embryonic stem cell ...
Vaccine
... DNA of the other, immunity can be created against
diseases that have complex infection processes
In ... Smallpox , one of the most contagious and deadly
diseases known to man. Other
diseases such as rubella, polio, measles, mumps, ...
Virus
... reproduction
6 Origins
7 Human viral
diseases
7.1 Laboratory diagnosis of pathogenic viruses
7.2 Prevention and treatment of viral
diseases
8 See also
9 References
9.1 ... that they are studying. Attempts to treat human
diseases through genetic engineering have also made use of ...
Antibody
... avoid them. This is the reason for the chronic nature of many minor skin
diseases (such as cold sores ); any given outbreak is quickly suppressed by the ... monoclonal antibody therapy is already being employed in a number of
diseases (including rheumatoid arthritis ) and in some forms of cancer . ...
Botany
... that study the growth , reproduction , metabolism , development ,
diseases , and evolution of plants .
Nearly all the food we eat ... of willow trees, is just one example. There may be many novel cures for
diseases provided by plants, waiting to be discovered. Popular stimulants like ...
Cancer
...
Cancer is a group of
diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division and the ability of these ... of cancer have a prognosis that is substantially better than nonmalignant
diseases such as heart failure and stroke . Nonetheless, in the late 1990's ...
Eugenics
... Care Law" which included mandatory pre-marital screenings for "genetic
diseases of a serious nature" and "relevant mental disease." Those who are diagnosed with such
diseases are required either to not marry or to agree to "long term contraceptive ...
Fungus
... mild itching to death . Other parasitic fungi infect plants , causing
diseases such as butt rot and making trees more vulnerable to toppling. The vast ... are actually given species names.
Pathogenic species
Fungal
diseases include:
brown rot
chestnut blight
ergot
fusarium
...
Human Genome Project
... including breast cancer , blood clotting , cystic fibrosis , liver
diseases and many others.
There are also many tangible benefits for biological ... with other genes, body tissues in which this gene is activated,
diseases associated with this ... the list of datatypes is long, one reason why ...
Insulin
...
5 Signal transduction
6 The brain and hypoglycemia
7
diseases and syndromes caused by an insulin disturbance
8 Insulin as a ... level)
external insulin (usually injected subcutaneously)
diseases and syndromes caused by an insulin disturbance
There are several ...
Systems biology
... made within a cell . The
properties of these cells can determine the
diseases to which a person is
susceptible. Therefore, a given disease exhibited by ... of human biology to identify strategies for predicting and preventing
diseases such as cancer, diabetes and AIDS.
See also
artificial life
...
X chromosome
... or by structural changes in the chromosomes.
Other conditions
Many
diseases are due to mutations on the X chromosome. These are characteristic as ... and their sons have a 50% chance of inheriting that X chromosome.
diseases well known for their X-linked recessive inheritance are hemophilia ...
Antibiotic
... rapidly discovered and came into widespread use, and a new era of research into the possibility of similarly "magic" chemotherapeutic cures for other
diseases eventually led to successes in the field of cancer chemotherapy.
The discovery of antibiotics, along with anesthesia and the adoption of ...
Apoptosis
... vitality of cells used for cell therapy. Abnormal apoptosis and clearance of apoptotic cells is a fundamental factor in the pathogenesis of numerous
diseases including cancer, neuro-degenerative and ischemic diseases, AIDS and autoimmunity. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) the antigen responsible for ...
Biology
... study of plants . Botany covers a wide range of scientific disciplines that study the growth , reproduction , metabolism , development ,
diseases , and evolution of plant life .
Zoology is the discipline which involves the study of animals , which includes the physiology of animals is ...
Biotechnology
... applied to medical processes. An example would include an organism designed to produce an antibiotic , or engineering genetic cures to
diseases through genomic manipulation .
White biotechnology , also known as grey biotechnology , is biotechnology applied to industrial processes. ...
Chromosome
... appearance to the chest.
XYY syndrome
Triple-X syndrome
You can find a detailed graphical display of all human chromosomes and the
diseases annotated at the correct spot at [2] .
See also
XY sex-determination system
Genetic deletion
External links
What Can Our ...
Down syndrome
... small, as is the superior temporal gyrus . Educational progress may also be damaged by illness and disabilities, such as recurring infectious
diseases , heart problems, poor eyesight, and hearing problems. Other physical characteristics associated with the disorder include presence of a simian ...
Genetics
... discoveries, but many remain intact and in use, such as Mendel's laws . Patterns of inheritence still remain a useful tool for the study of genetic
diseases .
Molecular genetics
Main article: Molecular genetics
Molecular genetics builds upon the foundation of classical genetics but focuses on ...
Guthrie test
... The Guthrie test is a series of medical tests performed on newborns to detect several metabolic
diseases . It is named after the U.S. bacteriologist Robert Guthrie , who first described it in 1963. The test is performed on blood samples taken from ...
Hormone
... and progestagens (in the contraceptive pill and as HRT ), thyroxine (as levothyroxine , for hypothyroidism ) and steroids (for autoimmune
diseases and several respiratory disorders ). Insulin is used by many diabetics . Local preparations for use in otolaryngology often contain ...
Lipase
... lysosomal lipase, hepatic lipase, gastric lipase, endothelial lipase, as well as various different phospholipases.
At least three human genetic
diseases are caused by mutations in lipase genes. Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency is caused by mutations in the gene encoding lipoprotein lipase [2] . ...
Malaria
... site on malaria
Malaria Vaccine Initiative
Malaria. The UNICEF-UNDP-World Bank-WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical
diseases
story of the discovery of the vector of the malarial parasite
History of discoveries in malaria
New Scientist - New Malaria Vaccine ...
Mitochondrion
... ammonia , a waste product of protein metabolism. A mutation in the genes regulating any of these functions can result in a variety of mitochondrial
diseases .
Energy conversion
As stated above, the primary function of the mitochondria is the production of ATP . This is done by metabolizing the ...
Mitochondrion
... ammonia , a waste product of protein metabolism. A mutation in the genes regulating any of these functions can result in a variety of mitochondrial
diseases .
Energy conversion
As stated above, the primary function of the mitochondria is the production of ATP . This is done by metabolizing the ...
Mycology
... cycle .
Fungi and other organisms traditionally recognized as fungal often are economically and socially important as they are responsible for
diseases of animals as well as plants like Potato blight (actually, an oomycete ).
Field expeditions to find interesting types of fungi (often edible ...
Neuroscience
... and careful analysis of behavior.
Neurobiology of disease - This field, directly aligned with medical research, is interested in curing any
diseases associated with the nervous system.
Other related and overlapping fields include:
Aphasiology
Brain imaging
Computational ...