Abiogenesis

... evolution to explain the naturalistic Origin of life . Francis Crick , the discoverer of the DNA molecule, and Leslie_Orgel co-proposed directed Panspermia hypothesis for how life started on Earth. However, it should be noted that panspermia per se is not actually in conflict with ...

Biotechnology

... systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use. One section of biotechnology is the directed use of organisms for the manufacture of organic products (examples include beer , milk -products, and skin ). Naturally present bacteria are ...

Francis Crick

... has the tools required to begin a scientific study of how brains produce conscious experiences. He was a well-known atheist who also advocated directed panspermia as a hypothesis for how life started on Earth. Crick was also one of the original endorsers of the Ashley Montagu Resolution to ...

Gene therapy

... cells (most cells of the body) or cells of the germline (such as stem cells , sperm and eggs ). All gene therapy so far in people has been directed at somatic cells, whereas germline engineering in humans remains only a highly controversial prospect. For the introduced gene to be transmitted ...

Gene regulatory network

... use the metaphor of Boolean networks to model genetic regulatory networks. Each gene, each input, and each output is represented by a node in a directed graph in which there is an arrow from one node to another if and only if there is a causal link between the two nodes. Each node in the graph can ...

Golgi apparatus

... flattened cisternae and similar vesicles. The cis face is the side facing the ER, the medial region is in the middle while the trans face is directed towards the plasma membrane (Fig. 1). The cis and trans faces have different membranous compositions. Function The transport vesicles from ...

Habitat

... of the first successful online roleplaying games Habitat for Humanity is a charity related to housing. Habitat (movie) , a 1997 movie directed by Rene Daalder ...

Homeostasis

... water and a wide variety of ions . Most of these organs are controlled by hormones secreted from the pituitary gland , which in turn is directed by the hypothalamus . See also Acclimatization Biological rhythm Metabolism Apoptosis Aging Balance ...

Microbiology

... Joshua and Esther Lederberg to devise an elegant experiment in 1951 demonstrating that adaptive mutations arise from preadaptation rather than directed mutation. For this purpose, they invented replica plating , which allowed them to transfer numerous bacterial colonies from their specific ...

Microscope

... laboratory in: A Study Guide to the Science of Botany at Wikibooks Telescope External links Micscape - a monthly magazine directed towards the amateur microscopist Microscopy Microscope Directory Royal Microscopical Society The Microscope - quarterly ...

Phylogenetic tree

... nodes are generally referred to as Hypothetical Taxonomic Units (HTUs) as they cannot be directly observed. A rooted phylogenetic tree is a directed tree with a unique node corresponding to the (usually imputed) most recent common ancestor of all the entities at the leaves of the tree. Figure 1 ...

Proteolysis

... Proteolysis is the directed degradation ( digestion ) of proteins by cellular enzymes called proteases or by intramolecular digestion. Proteolysis is used by the cell ...

Astrobiology

... at many universities around the world. Missions that have specifically searched for life include the Viking and Beagle 2 probes, both directed to Mars . The Viking results were inconclusive and Beagle 2 failed to reach the surface of Mars. A future mission with a strong exobiology role will ...