Enzyme

... normally non-spontaneous reaction 'backwards' by coupling it to a spontaneous one , as long as the net free ... energy compound ATP is generated in the cell by coupling its synthesis to the oxidation of sugars , which ... reaction to become essentially irreversible, by coupling it to another, energetically unbalanced reaction. ...

Active transport

... life is the sodium-potassium pump , which helps maintain the cell potential . Secondary In secondary active transport, there is no direct coupling of ATP; instead, the electrochemical potential difference created by pumping ions out of cells is used. The two main forms of this are ...

ATPase

... + /K + ATPase, cause a net flow of charge, but others do not. These are called "electrogenic" and "nonelectrogenic" transporters, respectively. The coupling between ATP hydrolysis and transport is more or less a strict chemical reaction, in which a fixed number of solute molecules are transported for each ...

Ion gradient

... of ions across membranes. Ionophores are important for ion gradients. The chemiosmotic potential is used as energy storage, chemiosmotic coupling is one of several ways a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction can be driven by a thermodynamically favorable one, I.E by letting the ions diffuse ...

Cell membrane

... gradient , a process that would be entropically unfavorable were it not stoichiometrically coupled with the hydrolysis of ATP. This coupling can be either primary or secondary. In the primary active transport, transporters that move molecules against their electrical/chemical gradient, ...

Life

... is the overall process through which living systems acquire and utilize the free energy they need to carry out their various functions. They do so by coupling the exergonic reactions of nutrient oxidation to the endergonic processes required to maintain the living state, such as the performance of ...

Cell membrane

... gradient , a process that would be entropically unfavorable were it not stoichiometrically coupled with the hydrolysis of ATP. This coupling can be either primary or secondary. In the primary active transport, transporters that move molecules against their electrical/chemical gradient, ...