Brain

... by increasing complexity in the cerebral cortex as one moves up the phylogenetic and ... 1: olfactory bulb 2: cerebral cortex 3: cerebellum 4: medulla oblongata ... matter. Most regions of the human cerebral cortex have six layers of neurons, a structure known as ...

Homunculus

... space our body parts represent on the cerebral cortex . The lips, hands, feet and sex organs are ... on the retinas are transferred to the visual cortex where it is scanned. Again this cannot be a full ... an android from the future, with the cerebral cortex of a pig . In many Role-playing games , a ...

Lichen

... building a protective outer layer called the cortex . Cyanobacteria may be held in small eruptions of ... surface called cephalopodia. Beneath the upper cortex is an algal layer composed of algal cells ... the upper surface and is called the lower cortex , consisting of densely packed fungal hyphae. The ...

Down syndrome

... Down syndrome and Alzheimer's individuals. Layer II of the entorhinal cortex and the subiculum , both critical for memory consolidation , are among ... damage. A gradual decrease in the number of nerve cells throughout the cortex follows. A few years ago, Johns Hopkins scientists created a ...

Kidney

... Organization The outermost portion of the kidney is called the renal cortex , deep to which lies the renal medulla . The innermost portion is the ... Terms renal capsule : The membranous covering of the kidney. cortex : The outer layer over the internal medulla. It contains blood vessels, ...

T cell

... cortex. At first, multipotential T cells move at the edge of the thymic cortex . These cells express CD2,CD7 and CD3, but neither CD4 nor CD8 (they are ... move towards the thymic medulla where at the boundary between thymic cortex and thymic medulla and in the medulla, they get are presented with ...

Biological psychology

... and psychology . Practitioners of biological psychology may use their knowledge of the brain , from neurotransmitters to the cerebral cortex to treat their patients. Others may use this knowledge to search for biological causes for common mental illnesses, such as depression and ...

Hormone

... to as proteins. Examples of protein hormones include insulin and growth hormone. Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol . The adrenal cortex and the gonads are primary sources. Examples of steroid hormones are testosterone and cortisol . Sterol hormones such as calcitriol are a ...

Limbic system

... system will self-stimulate in preference over food and will eventually die of exhaustion. The limbic system is tightly connected to the prefrontal cortex . It has been conjectured that this connection is related to the pleasure obtained from solving problems. To cure severe emotional disorders, this ...

Muscle

... the brain. Nerves that control skeletal muscles in mammals correspond with neuron groups along the primary motor area of the brain's cerebral cortex . Commands are routed though the basal ganglia and are modified by input from the cerebellum before being relayed through the pyramidal tract ...

Nephron

... . The glomerular filtrate has lost about 75% of the original water content and volume. Loop of Henle The loop of Henle descends from the cortex into the medulla, and then ascends back from the medulla to the cortex. A countercurrent mechanism involving the loop of Henle in the medulla allows ...

Neuron

... cells through synapses , where the axon tip of one cell impinges upon a dendrite or soma of another, or less commonly to an axon. Neurons of the cortex in mammals , such as the Purkinje cells , have over 1000 dendrites apiece, enabling connections with tens of thousands of other cells. Types ...

Neuroscience

... of neurons like cortical columns, that of larger subsystems like that which subserves visual perception , up to large systems like the cerebral cortex or the cerebellum , and at the highest level the nervous system as a whole. At this highest level, neuroscientific approaches combine with ...

Vestibular system

... used to keep the VOR working, a task usually referred to as Learning or Adaptation ) and to different areas in the cortex. The projections to the cortex are spread out over different areas, and their implications are currently not clearly understood. Otoliths While the semicircular canals ...