Liver

... , an inflammatory disease of the bile duct , autoimmune in nature. Primary biliary cirrhosis , autoimmune disease of small bile ducts Budd-Chiari ... , such as chronic hepatitis C, alcoholism, autoimmune hepatitis, and many others. Less commonly, liver ...

Apoptosis

... cell death. The survivors are tested as well for potentially damaging autoimmune reactions, and those that show high affinity to healthy self antigen are ... a fundamental role in several human diseases, especially (but not only) in autoimmune diseases, such as diabetes and multiple sclerosis. Implication and ...

Diabetes mellitus

... in children and adolescents, but can occur in adults as well. It is an autoimmune disorder , in which the body's own immune system attacks the beta cells ... them or damaging them sufficiently to reduce insulin production. The autoimmune attack may be triggered by reaction to an infection, for example by one of ...

Immune system

... immune system figures in a number of other disorders, particularly autoimmune disorders such as lupus erythematosus , type I diabetes (sometimes ... antigen /antigenic determinant / epitope / hapten / memory cell autoimmune disorders CD4 receptor /CD8 receptor / perforin / apoptosis /clonal ...

Immunology

... disease; malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders ( autoimmune diseases , hypersensitivities , immune deficiency , allograft ... as HIV patients) and people suffering from other immune deficiencies or autoimmune diseases. Diagnostic immunology The specificity of the bond between ...

Antibody

... Medical applications Detection of particular antibodies is a very common form of medical diagnostics. Serology depends on these menthods. autoimmune disorders can often be traced to antibodies that bind the body's own epitopes; many can be detected through blood tests . "Designed" monoclonal ...

Hormone

... estrogens and progestagens (in the contraceptive pill and as HRT ), thyroxine (as levothyroxine , for hypothyroidism ) and steroids (for autoimmune diseases and several respiratory disorders ). Insulin is used by many diabetics . Local preparations for use in otolaryngology often contain ...

Major histocompatibility complex

... duplicity creates a system of "checks and balances" and underscores the immune system's potential for running amok and causing harm to the body (see autoimmune disorders .) All Mhc molecules receive polypeptides from inside the cells they are part of and display them on the cell's exterior surface for ...

Muscle

... . It often responds dramatically to glucocorticoids (e.g. prednisolone ). Polymyositis , dermatomyositis and inclusion-body myositis are autoimmune conditions in which the muscle is affected. Rhabdomyolysis is the breakdown of muscular tissue due to any cause. While it may not lead to any ...

T cell

... that do not recognize them. Other T cells die by apoptosis (a small fraction actually survives but normally is controlled so it does not cause autoimmune diseases). This process is called negative selection . T cells go into apoptosis if they cannot express their TCR receptors, if they aren't ...