( fflicts patients even in the world's mo...)Nektar Threraputics Announces Phase 2a Clinical Results Regarding,the use of NKTR-061 (Inhaled Amikacin) to Treat Gram-Negative,Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia Presented at the Annual American,Thoracic Society International Conference,Health

fflicts patients even in the world's most advanced clinical settings. Increasing gram-negative antibiotic resistance has been a problem in the setting of hospital-acquired pneumonia. It is commonly acquired by patients in intensive care units who have been put on ventilators for breathing assistance. Current treatment involves the administration of intensive antibiotics, supplemental oxygen, and mechanical ventilatory support. Some 25-50% of those who acquire gram-negative bacterial pneumonia will die.

Included in the category of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia are:

-- Hospital Acquired Pneumonia (HAP) - pneumonia that occurs 48 hours or more after admission to a hospital, which was not incubating at the time of admission

-- Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) - pneumonia that arises more than 48-72 hours after endotracheal intubation.

(Definitions from the American Thoracic Society, "Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Hospital-acquired, Ventilator-associated, and Healthcare-associated Pneumonia," Am J Respir Crit Care Med, Vol 171. pp. 388-416, 2005.)

How often does it occur?

According to the American Thoracic Society, the incidence of hospital acquired pneumonia is usually between 5 and 10 cases per 1,000 hospital admissions depending on the case definition and study population. The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia is 6- to 20-fold greater than in non-ventilated patients. Arlington Medical Research (AMR) estimated 1 million patients with hospital acquired pneumonia (including ventilator-associated pneumonia) in hospitals in 2005. Of these, 144,000 were mechanically ventilated with the number of deaths at 46,000.

(Sources: American Thoracic Society, "Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Hospital-acquired, Ventilator-associated, and Healthcare-associated Pneumonia," Am J Respir Crit Care Med, Vol 171. pp. 388-416, 2005.; and, Arlington Medical Resources (AMR), Hospital Antibiotic Market Gui
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