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Roche-Bolar (Continued) 12
GENERICS LOBBY 13
ICH 14
CHAPTER FOUR: THE NEW GENERICS ERA 15
THE PATENT CLIFF 16
TABLE 2 FIRST PATENT EXPIRIES, 2012–2023 17
TYPES OF GENERICS 17
"SIMPLE" GENERICS 17
Factors Influencing the Success or Failure of Generics 18
Adequate Market Size 18
Patent-Expired Therapies 18
Older Products Still Used 19
Long-Term Use 19
Straightforward Production Technology 19
Drugs Used in Primary Care 20
SUPERGENERICS 20
BIOSIMILARS 21
Biosimilars (Continued) 22
TABLE 3 BIOLOGICS FACING THE LAUNCH OF BIOSIMILARS,
2001–2006 23
Special Challenges 24
Special Challenges (Continued) 25
The Biosimilar Market 26
Some Biosimilar Developments and Introductions 26
EPO 26
G-CSF 26
Interferons 26
HGH 27
Monoclonal Antibodies 27
Monoclonal … (Continued) 28
MAJOR GENERIC ISSUES 29
REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT 29
US 29
TABLE 4 REQUIREMENTS FOR NDA AND ANDA APPLICATIONS 30
US (Continued) 31
European Union 32
EU Marketing Authorization Systems 32
• The Centralized Procedure 33
• Decentralized and Mutual Recognition
Procedures 34
• Mutual-Recognition Procedure 34
Types of Applications 35
• Applications Under Article 10 (Generic
Products) 35
Japan 36
Approval (Shonin) of Pharmaceuticals 37
REGULATION OF BIOSIMILARS 37
EU Provisions 38
Evolving Situation in the US 39
Hatch-Waxman and Bolar 39
Defensive Strategies by "Big Pharma" 40
"AUTHORIZED GENERICS" 41
User Fees 42
A "Mood Swing" Toward Generics 43
The Situation in Europe 44
PATENTS AND IP 45
SUPPLEMENTARY PROTECTION CERTIFICATES 46
Supplementary Protection Certificate
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