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Cloned Human Embryos Successfully Reprogrammed Using Human - But Not Animal - Eggs
Date:2/2/2009

contrast, the majority of these genes were down-regulated or silenced in the human-animal hybrids.

"We examined the factors recently used to reprogram skin cells (to induce pluripotent stem cells)," said Robert Lanza, MD, Chief Scientific Officer at ACT, and senior author of the study. "At the center of cellular reprogramming lies the activation of the transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, and nanog. These core factors were activated in both the normal and cloned human embryos. In striking contrast, the human-animal hybrids showed no difference or a down-regulation of these critical pluripotency genes effectively silencing them--thus making the generation of stem cells impossible. Without appropriate reprogramming, these data call into question the potential use of animal egg sources to generate patient-specific stem cells. It also renders the moral controversy surrounding the use of human-animal hybrids moot."

Previous studies have confirmed the ability of animal eggs to support interspecies cell division to the embryo stage, and in a few closely-related bovid species, successful development to term. However, there are clear differences in compatibility. Distantly-related animal combinations generally arrest at the cleavage-stage, although there have been reports of blastocyst formation. Our group and others have successfully used eggs to clone closely-related species (for instance, we cloned two endangered species - the guar and banteng using cow eggs). Rabbit eggs have also been used to generate embryos using cells from cats and panda, among others. However, it remains unknown whether the DNA in the later combinations was fully reprogrammed. Importantly, except for a study carried out in China (which to-date has proven irreproducible despite attempts by numerous groups in the last half-decade), there is no evidence that patient-specific stem cells can be generated using animal eggs. This is consistent with studies that indi
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SOURCE Advanced Cell Technology, Inc.
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