a B cell, as well as killer T cells that travel to the infection to kill the influenza infected cells. Although the T cells and antibody are very important to control and eliminate the virus infection, it takes a long time (up to about 8 days) before they are ready to do so. By this time, the virus has spread extensively and caused considerable damage. Even though these immune protections are important for controlling the spread of the virus, they are also very destructive. Like an ever expanding forest-fire or a growing war zone, the longer the virus has to reproduce and spread, the harder it is to control, the more damage it causes and the more damage the immune response causes to control the infection, peripheral damage to the lung and surrounding tissue.
The virus damaged tissue in the respiratory tract is now also more susceptible to the bacteria that normally reside in the nose, including Staphylococcus aureus. The virus kills the ciliated epithelium that pushes these bacteria out of the lungs and dissolves the mucous lining that protects the underlying cells. The infection also exposes cells that are more susceptible to the bacteria. As a result, many people who are infected with influenza end up with a bacterial pneumonia that can be life threatening.
The new H1N1 swine flu virus is a much more lethal virus than previous influenza viruses, including previous H1N1 influenzas. Unlike other influenzas, the new H1N1 virus is especially lethal in young adults. It appears that H1N1 may be able to bind to more cells in the lung, reproduce faster, and spread faster. The more cells that are infected, the more difficult it is for the immune system to eliminate the virus and the more damage the immune system causes by inflammation during the process. Also, H1N1 may cause even more cytokines to be produced which also make the inflammation much more severe. This is called a cytokine storm. Young adults, as they have a v
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