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Some 80% of bone metastases are due to prostate and breast carcinomas. For these high incidence cancers, 65-75% patients with advanced disease will have bone metastases (Ref. 2). They may suffer multiple skeletal complications over several years because the clinical course of metastatic bone disease is relatively long. The effects are often debilitating (intractable bone pain, fractures, hypercalcaemia, and spinal cord compression) and profoundly impair a patient's quality of life.
Bone metastases also occur frequently in patients with lung, kidney and thyroid cancers - respectively in 30-40%, 20-25% and 60% of patients with advanced disease.
Current treatments for skeletal metastases are largely palliative. They include opioid analgesics, external beam radiotherapy, beta-emitting radionuclides and bisphosphonates.
References
1. Coleman, R.E. Clinical features of metastatic bone disease and risk of skeletal morbidity. Clin Cancer Res. 2006;12:6243s-6249s. Review
2. Rubens, R.D, and Coleman, R.E. Bone Metastases. In: Abaloff, M.D., Armitage, J.O., Lichter, A.S. and Niederhuber, J.E. Clinical Oncology 1995: 643-665
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