( kidneys. What were their chances? In 2...)The Long Wait ... Dying for Lack of Kidneys,Health

kidneys. What were their chances? In 2006, there were a mere 2,950 kidney transplants in Brazil, according to the Brazilian Organ Transplant Association.

"In Peru too the problem is extremely serious," Hugo Torres, who heads the transplant office ESSALUD, told AFP. Only one out of a million people there is a registered donor. According to worldwide data collected by AFP, kidneys far and away top the transplant wish-list, but no global statistics are available on the number of people who die waiting. In the United States last year, 6,287 transplant-seekers died (more than 96,000 are currently registered), according to the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network.

In China, 1.5 million people need transplants each year, but only 10,000 obtain them. Registration for donorship differs from country to country, but in many parts of the world endemic shortages are compounded by families refusing to hand over organs even against the deceased's wishes. In Chile, Cuba, India, Jordan and Thailand for example, relatives have the last say irrespective of whether the donor made a pledge when alive.

In Australia -- with one of the world's lowest organ donation rates but highest survival rates for recipients -- families veto one in three donations despite the deceased's wishes, according to Donate Australia. Churches generally support or even encourage organ giving, with Mexico's Catholic authorities for instance viewing donorship as an act of charity, self-sacrifice and brotherly love. Even Jehovah's Witnesses agree, while demanding organs be drained of blood before transplantation. Buddhism too considers donations a form of merit-making, said Yuwadee Attajarusit at the Thai Red Cross Organ Donation Centre.

But in officially atheist China, low donorship is in part blamed on cultural attitudes holding that the soul of a person buried in a form less than whole could court trouble in the after-life. The same applies to liv
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