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Studies Find Connection Between Acid Reflux And Esophageal Cancer

ll as in esophageal cancer. Acid exposure leads to an increase in calcium in Barrett's esophageal cancer cells, thus activating a cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). This causes the activation of NOX5-S and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby increasing cell growth and decreasing cell death – optimal conditions for cancer to develop. It was previously known that levels of ROS are increased in Barrett's Esophagus and in esophageal cancer and that ROS may play an important role in the development of cancer. However, the sources of ROS had not been defined. Researchers showed that the production of ROS begins with NOX5. When this enzyme was removed, acid-induced production of hydrogen peroxide was reduced, confirming that NOX5 is responsible. Also, when calcium was removed, the prevalence of NOX5 decreased, along with the production of hydrogen peroxide. "Now that we know the sequence, we may be able to slow down or even block the progression of cancer by blocking these different steps," Cao says. "This may have therapeutic value if we can block this particular enzyme, NOX5, in Barrett's esophageal cancer cells." Incidences of esophageal cancer related to BE have increased over the past three decades at a rate exceeding that of any other cancer in the past 10 years. Patients have a poor prognosis, with a median survival of less than 18 months after diagnosis. The five-year survival rate is less than 20 percent after surgery on operable tumors. The major risk factor is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) complicated by Barrett's esophagus. Approximately 10 percent of GERD patients develop Barrett's esophagus. A middle-aged person with BE for 20 years or more has a 10 to 20 percent lifetime risk of developing esophageal cancer, which is similar to the risk of lung cancer among heavy smokers or of liver cancer among chronic hepatitis-B virus carriers. In order to prevent the pro
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