( Psychosocial factors such as cynical d...)Psychosocial Factors Associated With Higher Levels of Inflammatory Markers,Health

Psychosocial factors, such as cynical distrust, chronic stress and depression,// may be associated with higher levels of inflammatory markers measured in the blood, which in turn are related to an increased risk for cardiovascular disease, according to a report in the January 22 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.

A number of studies have linked psychosocial characteristics with cardiovascular disease and death, according to background information in the article. However, the mechanisms by which they are related are unclear. “Research has highlighted the importance of inflammation in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis and in the precipitation of cardiovascular events,” the authors write. “Inflammation may be a mechanistic pathway linking psychosocial factors to cardiovascular disease.”

Nalini Ranjit, Ph.D., of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and colleagues used data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, a study of 6,814 men and women who were between the ages of 45 to 84 years (average age 62.2) when they enrolled, between 2000 and 2002. Participants filled out a questionnaire with demographic information, and several separate questionnaires that assessed the psychosocial risk factors of depression and chronic stress. Cynical distrust was measured at a follow-up visit between 2002 and 2004. Blood samples obtained at the initial examination were analyzed for IL-6, C-reactive protein and fibrinogen, all markers for inflammation.

The researchers found graded associations between all three psychosocial factors and inflammatory markers. “The strongest and most consistent associations were observed for cynical distrust, which was positively associated with all three inflammatory markers,” the authors write. “Chronic stress was positively associated with the IL-6 level and had a moderately positive association with the CRP level, whereas depression was associated o
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