( the face of a relatively normal IQ inc...)Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Sets Cognitive Problems After 10 Years,Health

the face of a relatively normal IQ, including academic achievement (especially arithmetic), adaptive functioning, and executive functions (the ability to problem solve and learn from experiences). Deficits in intellectual, achievement, adaptive, and executive functioning could make it difficult to appropriately manage finances, function independently without assistance, and understand the consequences of – or react appropriately to – mistakes.’

Willford analyzed data collected as part of the Maternal Health Practices and Child Development Project, an examination of prenatal substance use among women who attended a prenatal clinic from 1983 to 1985. Women were assessed during each trimester of pregnancy, and again with their children at birth, eight and 18 months, and three, six and 10 years of age. This particular study examines 611 mother-child pairs, which represents 80 percent of the birth sample. At age 10, the children's cognitive ability was assessed using the composite score and verbal, abstract/visual, quantitative, and short-term memory area scores of the Stanford Binet Intelligence Test - Fourth Edition.

‘This study found that even light to moderate drinking during pregnancy can affect IQ,’ said Willford. ‘The effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on IQ were worse for children exposed to alcohol through the second trimester of pregnancy.’

‘This latter finding,’ said Connor, ‘of greatest effects on intellectual functioning because of second-trimester drinking suggests that, with appropriate intervention procedures, even if alcohol was consumed early during pregnancy, cessation of drinking as soon as possible could have protective benefits on the developing fetus. This is one of the few longitudinal studies of prenatal alcohol exposure that specifically collected data on the timing of alcohol use and is a strength of the study.’

‘Our study also showed that prenatal alcohol exposure was associated with lower IQ for A
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