d. "This takes it to a new level."
For example, he said the people trained late at night may have performed better because they went to sleep not long after their training, while their morning trained counterparts were exposed to an entire day of memories before being tested.
In that study, one group was trained at 9 a.m., then tested 12 hours later, while a second group was trained at 9 p.m. and then tested the next morning after a night's sleep.
The researchers found that while the people tested at night experienced a 10 percentage point improvement over their pre-training test, those who had a night's sleep had a 19 percentage point improvement over their pre-training test.
In the second study, Harvard Medical School scientists trained 100 subjects ages 18-27 to perform finger-tapping sequences similar to learning piano scales. Their ability to repeat those sequences was then tested at various intervals, including after one and two nights of sleep.
The researchers found evidence that memories are consolidated in three stages in a process similar to storing data on a computer's hard drive. The second stage requires sleep, which the Harvard team also found sharpened the subject's performance the next day.
However, when subjects briefly rehearsed a finger-tapping sequence they had learned the previous day just before learning a second exercise, their accuracy on the first sequence suffered when they tried to repeat it on the third day.
But they performed the second exercise reliably -- suggesting that "not all memories are equal," and the order in which they are learned may be important .
Researchers thus concluded that further experiments are needed to assess a number of factors that could have influenced the outcomes.
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