were also evaluated, examining the effects on a child's nutritional intake.
Dr. George Davis, Experiment Station economist and professor in the department of agricultural economics at Texas A&M, said as a father's income goes up, a child's body mass index also increases for 9- to 11- year-olds.
"As the mother's income goes up, so does a child's body mass index," he said. Average household income for the father with children between 9 and 11 years old was $86,376, while the mother's income was $27,000, Davis said. The study found a mother's income was more likely to be spent on the child, while the father would allocate most of his income on personal expenditures.
Davis said a number of studies have been conducted, but none examined income, health and the amount of parental time spent with a child. Research results also showed a change in parental influence as the children get older.
"As children get older, parent impact wanes as the age of the child increases," Davis said. "They become more influenced by external factors to the home, the cultural factors." To some extent, McIntosh said, as a researcher, he is "uneasy about what people are going to take away from this," because some might interpret the results to mean fathers should not be directly involved with their children's upbringing.
That's not true, he said. Good fathers need to be hands-on parents who set a good example for their children through their own healthful eating habits.
His advice to parents: "You're not at work 24 hours a day. For mothers: For the time you do have, spend some with your kids. For fathers: Dads are not toxic, but people who teach nutrition education may be talking to the wrong audience.
"We may need to teach fathers about nutrition," McIntosh said. Kubena agreed. Men in general tend to have more muscles and less fat than women do, and consequently can eat more food without gaining weight, she said. T
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