Early diagnosis of oral cancer still remains the best way to ensure patient survival and quality of life, say researchers.// During the 85th General Session of the International Association for Dental Research, scientists from the University of California-Irvine presented two novel, non-invasive, ultra-fast images approaches to oral cancer detection, diagnostic screening, and mapping.

More than half of all oral cancer cases documented by the National Cancer Institute are diagnosed at an advanced stage. The five-year survival rate is 75% for those with localized disease at diagnosis, but only 16% for those with cancer metastasis.

Earlier detection of oral lesions would greatly improve the prognosis of these patients. Accurate delineation of lesion margins would ensure effective removal of all the tissue that presents a threat to the patient’s long-term health.

Two basic facts indicate that early detection of oral malignancy should be possible to a far greater extent than is currently seen:

(1) Accounting for 96% of all oral cancers, squamous cell carcinoma is often preceded by lesions on the oral mucosa. Malignant transformation, which is quite unpredictable, occurs in 1-90% of lesions over five years. Thus, oral cancer is often preceded by lesions, which are visible to the naked eye prior to transformation. A non-invasive diagnostic modality would permit regular monitoring of these lesions, detection of lesion transformation, and the identification of treatment needs at a very early, relatively harmless stage.

(2) High-risk populations are clearly defined: tobacco use, alcohol abuse, urban environment, specific ethnicities, poor diet, and frequent exposure to sunlight. A fast, mobile, relatively inexpensive and non-invasive diagnostic modality would permit the early detection and monitoring of oral lesions.

The researchers describe Three-dimensional Optical Coherence Tomography (3-D OCT) and Optical Doppler Tomo
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