( A recent research by North Carolina Sta...)Nanoparticle Uptake Zoom by Repetitive Motion,Health

A recent research by North Carolina State University toxologists and Rice University Chemists// has highlighted the role of repetitive movements, in increasing the intake speed of nanoparticles through the skin. Vitro experiments on animal skin exposed to buckyballs formed the basis of the research. These bucky balls contained amino acids. Experiments showed that amino acid penetrated deeper and faster with the increasing degree of flexing of the skin. .

"Our results confirm that repetitive motion can speed the passage of nanoparticles through the skin," said Nancy Monteiro-Riviere, professor of investigative dermatology and toxicology at NC State. "As more nanoparticles find their way into the workplace and consumer goods, and as scientists look for innovative ways to use nanoparticles to deliver drugs into the body, it is critical that the nanoscience community identify these types of external exposure factors."

In the study, a solution of buckyball-containing amino acids was placed on small sections of pig skin. In some experiments, the skin was held still, and in others it was flexed for either an hour or an hour and a half. Measurements were taken eight hours after exposure and 24 hours after exposure.

The team found that the more the skin was flexed, the more buckyballs it took up and the deeper they penetrated. Penetration was also found to be deeper after 24 hours than after just eight.

Buckyballs, are spherical, soccer-ball-shaped molecules containing 60 carbon atoms. The buckyballs used in the study were part of an innovative molecule called Bucky amino acid, or Baa, that was created in the lab of Rice chemist Andrew Barron. Baa is a marriage of buckyballs and phenylalanine, one of the 20 essential amino acids that are the building blocks of all proteins.

"The findings were a bit surprising because the Bucky amino acids tend to form spherical clusters that are up to 12 times larger in diameter than the k
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