( Researchers from the Johns Hopkins Univ...)Model Predicts Colon Cancer Inheritable Genetic Defects,Health

Researchers from the Johns Hopkins University and other institutions have developed a new prediction model for genetic defects known as Lynch syndrome// , which predisposes families to develop colorectal cancer. The model, called MMRpro, is based on an individual’s detailed family history of colorectal and endometrial cancer, as well as knowledge of how genetic mutations manifest themselves—in the form of tumors. It can assess a person’s probability of carrying a particular defect within so-called mismatch repair genes. The study is published in the September 27, 2006, issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA).

“Genetic defects can be passed from parents to their children; as a result, colon cancer runs in families. Our model will help identify individuals likely to have particular genetic defects. The results will give them useful information about their colon cancer risk before they decide whether to undergo invasive screenings or expensive genetic testing,” said Sining Chen, PhD, lead author of the study and an assistant professor in the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health’s Department of Environmental Health Sciences.

Lynch syndrome, also known as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, is characterized by the inheritance of defects in the MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6 genes. These three genes help repair mismatches that can occur during the duplication of the genetic code when new cells are made, and are known as mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Of the projected 600,000 MMR mutation carriers in the United States, each has approximately a 50 percent chance of being diagnosed with colorectal cancer by age 70. Women also have a 50 percent chance of developing endometrial cancer, explained Giovanni Parmigiani, PhD, senior author of the study and a professor of oncology, biostatistics and pathology at Johns Hopkins University.

The researchers applied MMRpro software to 279 individuals’ family histories. The st
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