( Researchers at the Abramson Family Canc...)Loss of Stem Cells Correlates With Premature Aging,Health

Researchers at the Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute of the University of Pennsylvania have found that deleting a gene important in embryo development leads to premature aging and loss of stem cell reservoirs in adult mice. This gene, ATR, is essential for the bodys response to damaged DNA, and mutations in proteins in the DNA damage response underlie certain types of cancer and other disorders in humans.

The reason these mice age prematurely is that were exhausting their ability to renew tissues, said Eric J. Brown, PhD, Assistant Professor of Cancer Biology. These findings may be helpful to the aging and oncology fields since premature aging syndromes and many cancers involve the loss of DNA repair genes.

When the researchers deleted ATR in the tissues of adult mice, they noticed that the mice showed signs of premature aging, such as hair graying, hair loss, and osteoporosis, within three to four months.

To be able to renew itself, most tissues have a reservoir of specific adult stem cells. These stem cells dont divide as frequently as other cell types since they need to maintain the integrity of their DNA, and multiple divisions lead to natural breaks in DNA. But when these stem cells are needed, their progeny can rapidly divide and are able to replenish the tissue with new cells.

Brown explains that in the current study the mouse cells without ATR had an overwhelming amount of DNA damage and could not contribute to tissue renewal; nevertheless, the 10 to 20 percent of cells that escaped ATR deletion were able to reconstitute tissues in the engineered mice, at least initially. However, it appears that in the long run, even these cells were insufficient to maintain tissue integrity.

Think of aging as a slow loss of stem cells, a deterioration of pools of cells that reside in each tissue type, says Brown. We accelerated the aging process by wiping out a large fraction of these cells pr
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