-M Medical School.

“Other studies have indicated that long-term hormone therapy is not beneficial for the prevention of chronic illnesses,” Smith says. “But our study indicates that the effects of short-term hormone therapy on brain circuitry and function warrant further study.”

The role of estrogen in maintaining brain function is of great significance as the population ages and the incidence of dementia increases, says senior author Jon-Kar Zubieta, M.D., Ph.D., associate professor of psychiatry and radiology at the U-M Medical School and associate research scientist at U-M’s Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute (MBNI).

Zubieta notes that working memory – that is, a limited-capacity storage system that allows the brain to actively maintain and manipulate information that is critical for conducting many daily activities over short time periods – has been demonstrated to be less efficient in older adults. This decline has been linked with changes in the prefrontal cortex.

“Our finding of increased activation in the prefrontal cortex in older women using hormone therapy is important and suggestive of potential therapies that need to be explored further,” he says. “Eventually, this could lead to new options for women as they enter a time when memory problems typically develop.”

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