tly released World Health Organization monograph authored by his research group. He also published a study in the July/August issue of the pathology journal Acta Cytologica about a new method his group developed to collect cheek cells from inside a participant's mouth, which can then be stained to gauge the chromosomal condition of these cells. They used this technique to study waterpipe smoking in a rural Egyptian village, and reported in a second study, published in 2003 in the Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, that the level of damage is comparable to what happens to cigarette smokers.

The trend is also having a disproportionate impact on college-aged women. Another study, reported in a forthcoming issue of the journal Nicotine and Tobacco Research, documents how women attending university in Cairo have gravitated to waterpipe tobacco smoking, which is traditionally "culturally abnormal for women to smoke cigarettes, at least in front of their husbands and families." The presence of waterpipe cafes frees women from social stigma, allowing them to view use of waterpipe tobacco in the context of social and economic liberation, Loffredo said. Yet the researchers found that these students, even those in medical school, had only an average knowledge of tobacco-related health hazards.

Source-Eurekalert
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